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1 βαλβίς
A rope drawn across the race-course at the starting and finishing-point: mostly in pl., posts to which this rope was attached, Ar.Eq. 1159: so in sg., turning-post,νῆσος β. ξεστῇ εἴκασται Philostr.VA5.5
: also, platform from which the quoit was thrown, Id.Im.1.24: hence, any starting-point, Antipho Soph.69;βαλβίδων ἄπο E.HF 867
, cf. Ar.V. 548: metaph., ;ἐκ β. εἰς τέρμα Them.Or.13.177d
;β. λόγου βέβληται Philostr.VS2.20.3
;βιβλίου AP4.3b
.75 (Agath.); but, edge, ib.39.II since the starting-point was also the goal, βαλβῖδες was used for any point to be gained, as the battlements (by one scaling a wall), S.Ant. 131 (lyr.), cf. Lyc.287, Opp.C.1.513.III = κοιλότης παραμήκης, Gal.19.87; v. foreg. -
2 ἄρχω
ἄρχω fut. ἄρξω; 1 aor. ἦρξα LXX. Mid.: fut. ἄρξομαι; 1 aor. ἠρξάμην; pf. ἦργμαι (Hom.+) lit. be first.① to rule or govern, w. implication of special status, rule act. w. gen. over someth. or someone (Hom., Hdt. et al.; UPZ 81 col. 2, 18 [II B.C.] as an epithet of Isis: τῶν ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἄρχουσα; En 9:7; EpArist 190; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 12 Jac.; Philo, Congr. Erud. Gr. 6; Just., D. 90, 4; 111, 1) τῶν ἐθνῶν Mk 10:42; Ro 15:12 (Is 11:10). εἰς πόλιν ἄρχουσαν δύσεως into the city that rules over the West ApcPt Rainer 15f. τῶν θηρίων τ. γῆς B 6:12 (cp. Gen 1:26, 28). τῆς περὶ τὴν γῆν διακοσμήσεως ἔδωκεν ἄ. (angels) authority to govern the earth Papias (4).② to initiate an action, process, or state of being, begin mid., except for GMary s. 2aα.ⓐ w. pres. inf. (DHesseling, Z. Syntax v. ἄρχομαι: ByzZ 20, 1911, 147–64; JKleist, Mk ’36, 154–61 Marcan ἤρξατο; GReichenkron, Die Umschreibung m. occipere, incipere u. coepisse: Syntactica u. Stilistica, Festschr. EGamillscheg ’57, 473–75; MReiser, Syntax u. Stil (Mk), ’84, 43–45).α. lit., to denote what one begins to do, in pres. inf. (Polyaenus 3, 9, 40 σφαγιάζειν) λέγειν (Jos., Ant. 8, 276; 18, 289) Mt 11:7; ὀνειδίζειν vs. 20; τύπτειν 24:49; κηρύσσειν 4:17; Mk 5:20; cp. the use of the act. GMar 463 ἀπ̣[ελθὼ]ν ἤ̣ρ̣χεν κη[ρύς]|[σειν τὸ εὐαγγέλι]ο̣ν̣ [κατὰ Μάριαμ] (Levi) went off and began to proclaim [the gospel according to Mary]; παίζειν Hs 9, 11, 5 al.; εἶναι IRo 5:3. Emphasis can be laid on the beginning Lk 15:14; 21:28, Ac 2:4; 11:15, or a contrast can be implied, as w. continuation Mk 6:7; 8:31; IEph 20:1; w. completion Mt 14:30; Lk 14:30; J 13:5; w. an interruption Mt 12:1; 26:22; Ac 27:35.—μὴ ἄρξησθε λέγειν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς don’t even begin to think=do not cherish the unfortunate thought Lk 3:8.β. Oft. ἄ. only means that the pers. in question has been doing something else and that the activity now takes a new turn (GrBar 4:11 ὅταν … ἐξήλθε Νῶε τῆς κιβωτοῦ, ἤρξατο φυτεύειν ‘after Noah left the Ark, he began to beget’) Mt 26:37, 74; Lk 4:21; 5:21; 7:15, 24, 38, 49 al. In such cases it is freq. almost superfluous as an auxiliary, in accordance w. late Semitic usage (Jos., Ant. 11, 131; 200; Dalman, Worte 21f; s. JHunkin, ‘Pleonastic’ ἄρχομαι in the NT: JTS 25, 1924, 390–402). So ὧν ἤρξατο ὁ Ἰης. ποιεῖν Ac 1:1=simply what Jesus did (sim. Lat. coepio).ⓑ abs. (sc. the inf. fr. the context) ἦν Ἰησοῦς ἀρχόμενος ὡσεὶ ἐτῶν τριάκοντα Lk 3:23 prob. Jesus was about 30 years old when he began his work. In ἀρξάμενος Πέτρος ἐξετίθετο (Aesop, Fab. 100 P.=H-H. 102 [Halm 155 ἀχθόμενος] Μῶμος ἀρξάμενος ἕλεγε; X. Eph. 5, 7, 9 ἀρξαμένη κατέχομαι) ἀ. receives its content fr. the foll. καθεξῆς: P. began and explained in order Ac 11:4.ⓒ w. indication of the starting point ἄ. ἀπὸ τότε begin fr. that time Mt 4:17; 16:21; ἄ. ἀπό τινος (Pla. et al., also Arrian, Cyneg. 36, 4; PMeyer 24, 3; Ezk 9:6; Jos., Ant. 7, 255 ἀπὸ σοῦ; in local sense SIG 969, 5; PTebt 526; Jos., Ant. 13, 390) ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ Μωϋσέως beginning w. Moses Lk 24:27; ἀ. ἀπὸ τῆς γραφῆς ταύτης beginning with this passage of Scripture Ac 8:35; J 8:9; 1 Pt 4:17. Locally Lk 24:47; Ac 10:37. With both starting point and end point given (Lucian, Somn. 15 ἀπὸ τῆς ἕω ἀρξάμενος ἄχρι πρὸς ἑσπέραν; Gen 44:12) ἀπό τινος ἕως τινός: ἀπὸ τ. ἐσχάτων ἕως τῶν πρώτων Mt 20:8; Ac 1:22; local Lk 23:5.—B. 976; 1319. EDNT. DELG. M-M s.v. ἄρχομαι. TW. -
3 ἀρχή
ἀρχή, ῆς, ἡ (Hom.+)① the commencement of someth. as an action, process, or state of being, beginning, i.e. a point of time at the beginning of a duration.ⓐ gener. (opp. τέλος; cp. Diod S 16, 1, 1 ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς μέχρι τοῦ τέλους; Ael. Aristid. 30, 24 K.=10 p. 123 D.: ἐξ ἀ. εἰς τέλος; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 9, §36; Wsd 7:18) B 1:6; IEph 14:1; IMg 13:1; IRo 1:2, cp. vs. 1. W. gen. foll. (OGI 458, 10 life) ἡμέρας ὀγδόης B 15:8; ἡμερῶν (2 Km 14:26) Hb 7:3; τῶν σημείων first of the signs J 2:11 (ἀ. τοῦ ἡμετέρου δόγματος Orig., C. Cels. 2, 4, 20; cp. Isocr., Paneg. 10:38 Blass ἀλλʼ ἀρχὴν μὲν ταύτην ἐποιήσατο τ. εὐεργεσιῶν, τροφὴν τοῖς δεομένοις εὑρεῖν=but [Athens] made this the starting point of her benefactions: to provide basic needs for livelihood; Pr 8:22; Jos., Ant. 8, 229 ἀ. κακῶν); ὠδίνων Mt 24:8; Mk 13:8; κακῶν ISm 7:2. As the beginning, i.e. initial account, in a book (Ion of Chios [V B.C.] 392 Fgm. 24 Jac. [=Leurini no. 114] ἀρχὴ τοῦ λόγου; Polystrat. p. 28; Diod S 17, 1, 1 ἡ βύβλος τὴν ἀ. ἔσχε ἀπὸ …; Ael. Aristid. 23, 2 K.=42 p. 768 D.: ἐπʼ ἀρχῇ τοῦ συγγράμματος; Diog. L. 3, 37 ἡ ἀρχὴ τῆς Πολιτείας; cp. Sb 7696, 53; 58 [250 A.D.]) ἀ. τοῦ εὐαγγελίου Ἰ. Χ. Beginning of the gospel of J. C. Mk 1:1 (cp. Hos 1:2 ἀ. λόγου κυρίου πρὸς Ὡσηέ; s. RHarris, Exp. 8th ser., 1919, 113–19; 1920, 142–50; 334–50; FDaubanton, NThSt 2, 1919, 168–70; AvanVeldhuizen, ibid., 171–75; EEidem, Ingressen til Mkevangeliet: FBuhl Festschr. 1925, 35–49; NFreese, StKr 104, ’32, 429–38; AWikgren, JBL 61, ’42, 11–20 [ἀρχή=summary]; LKeck, NTS 12, ’65/66, 352–70). ἀ. τῆς ὑποστάσεως original commitment Hb 3:14. ἀρχὴν ἔχειν w. gen. of the inf. begin to be someth. IEph 3:1. ἀρχὴν λαμβάνειν begin (Polyb.; Aelian, VH 2, 28; 12, 53; Diog. L., Prooem. 3, 4; Sext. Emp., Phys. 1, 366; Philo, Mos. 1, 81) λαλεῖσθαι to be proclaimed at first Hb 2:3; cp. IEph 19:3.—W. prep. ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς from the beginning (Paus. 3, 18, 2; SIG 741, 20; UPZ 160, 15 [119 B.C.]; BGU 1141, 44; JosAs 23:4; Jos., Ant. 8, 350; 9, 30) J 6:64 v.l.; 15:27; 1J 2:7, 24; 3:11; 2J 5f; Ac 26:4; MPol 17:1; Hs 9, 11, 9; Dg 12:3. οἱ ἀπʼ ἀ. αὐτόπται those who fr. the beginning were eyewitnesses Lk 1:2. Also ἐξ ἀρχῆς (Diod. Sic. 18, 41, 7; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 45 [189]; SIG 547, 9; 634, 4; UPZ 185 II 5; PGen 7, 8; BGU 1118, 21; Jos., Bell. 7, 358) J 6:64; 16:4; 1 Cl 19:2; Pol 7:2; Dg 2:1. πάλιν ἐξ ἀ. (Ael. Aristid. 21, 10 K.=22 p. 443 D.; SIG 972, 174) again fr. the beginning (=afresh, anew; a common expr., Renehan ’75, 42) B 16:8. ἐν ἀρχῇ (Diod S 19, 110, 5; Palaeph. p. 2, 3; OGI 56, 57; PPetr II, 37, 2b verso, 4; PTebt 762, 9; POxy 1151, 15; BGU 954, 26; ViHab 14 [p. 87, 4 Sch.]) at the beginning, at first Ac 11:15; AcPlCor 2:4. ἐν ἀ. τοῦ εὐαγγελίου when the gospel was first preached Phil 4:15; sim., word for word, w. ref. to beg. of 1 Cor: 1 Cl 47:2.—τὴν ἀ. J 8:25, as nearly all the Gk. fathers understood it, is emphatically used adverbially=ὅλως at all (Plut., Mor. 115b; Dio Chrys. 10 [11], 12; 14 [31], 5; 133; Lucian, Eunuch. 6 al.; Ps.-Lucian, Salt. 3; POxy 472, 17 [c. 130 A.D.]; Philo, Spec. Leg. 3, 121; Jos., Ant. 1, 100; 15, 235 al.; as a rule in neg. clauses, but the negation can inhere in the sense: 48th letter of Apollonius of Tyana [Philostrat. I 356, 17]; Philo, Abrah. 116, Decal. 89; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 6, 11; without art. ApcSed 10:3; cp. Hs 2:5 cj. by W., endorsed by Joly; s. Field, Notes, 93f) τὴν ἀ. ὅτι καὶ λαλῶ ὑμῖν (how is it) that I even speak to you at all? But s. B-D-F §300, 2. More prob. the mng. is somewhat as follows: What I said to you from the first (so NT in Basic English; sim. REB et al.; cp. τὴν ἀρχήν ‘at the beginning’ Thu 2, 74, 2; s. also RFunk, HTR 51, ’58, 95–100; B-D-F §300, 2, but appeal to P66 is specious, s. EMiller, TZ 36, ’80, 261).ⓑ beginning, origin in the abs. sense (ἀ. τῆς τῶν πάντων ὑποστάσεως Orig. C. Cels. 6, 65, 4) ἀ. πάντων χαλεπῶν Pol 4:1; ἀ. κακῶν ISm 7:2 (cp. 1 Ti 6:10, which has ῥίζα for ἀ., and s. e.g. Ps 110:10; Sir 10:13); ἀ. κόσμου B 15:8; ἀ. πάντων PtK 2, p. 13, 21. ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς fr. the very beginning (Is 43:13; Wsd 9:8; 12:11; Sir 24:9 al.; PsSol 8:31; GrBar 17:2) Mt 19:4, 8; J 8:44; 1J 1:1 (of the Hist. beg. of Christianity: HWendt, D. Johannesbriefe u. d. joh. Christent. 1925, 31f; HWindisch, Hdb. ad loc.; difft. HConzelmann, RBultmann Festschr., ’54, 194–201); 3:8; 2 Th 2:13; ὁ ἀπʼ ἀ. 1J 2:13f; Dg 11:4; οἱ ἀπʼ ἀ. those at the very beginning, the first people 12:3; τὰ ἀπʼ ἀ. γενόμενα 1 Cl 31:1; ἀπʼ ἀ. κτίσεως Mk 10:6; 13:19; 2 Pt 3:4 (on ἀ. κτίσεως cp. En 15:9); ἀπʼ ἀ. κόσμου Mt 24:21. Also ἐξ ἀ. (X., Mem. 1, 4, 5; Ael. Aristid. 43, 9 K.=1 p. 3 D. [of the existence of Zeus]; TestAbr A 15 p. 96, 11 [Stone p. 40]; B 4 p. 109, 7 [St. p. 66]; Ath., R. 16, p. 67, 18; Philo, Aet. M. 42, Spec. Leg. 1, 300; Did., Gen. 50, 1) Dg 8:11; ἐν ἀ. in the beginning (Simplicius in Epict. p. 104, 2; Did., Gen. 29, 25 al.) J 1:1f; ἐν ἀ. τῆς κτίσεως B 15:3. κατʼ ἀρχάς in the beg. Hb 1:10 (Ps 101:26; cp. Hdt. 3, 153 et al.; Diod S; Plut.; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 92, Det. Pot. Insid. 118; Ps 118:152; Just., D. 2, 3).② one with whom a process begins, beginning fig., of pers. (Gen 49:3 Ῥουβὴν σὺ ἀρχὴ τέκνων μου; Dt 21:17): of Christ Col 1:18. W. τέλος of God or Christ Rv 1:8 v.l.; 21:6; 22:13 (Hymn to Selene 35 ἀ. καὶ τέλος εἶ: Orphica p. 294, likew. PGM 4, 2836; 13, 362; 687; Philo, Plant. 93; Jos., Ant. 8, 280; others in Rtzst., Poim. 270ff and cp. SIG 1125, 7–11 Αἰών, … ἀρχὴν μεσότητα τέλος οὐκ ἔχων, expressed from the perspective of historical beginning).③ the first cause, the beginning (philos. t.t. ODittrich, D. Systeme d. Moral I 1923, 360a, 369a;—Ael. Aristid. 43, 9 K.=1 p. 3 D.: ἀρχὴ ἁπάντων Ζεύς τε καὶ ἐκ Διὸς πάντα; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 190 God as ἀρχὴ κ. μέσα κ. τέλος τῶν πάντων [contrast SIG 1125, 10f]) of Christ ἡ ἀ. τῆς κτίσεως Rv 3:14; but the mng. beginning=‘first created’ is linguistically probable (s. above 1b and Job 40:19; also CBurney, Christ as the Ἀρχή of Creation: JTS 27, 1926, 160–77). [ὁ γὰ]ρ π̣̄ρ̣̄ (=πατὴρ) [ἀρ]|χή ἐ[ς]τ̣[ιν τῶν μ]ελλόν|των for the Father is the source of all who are to come into being in contrast to the προπάτωρ, who is without a beginning Ox 1081, 38f (SJCh 91, 1 ἀρχή; on the context, s. WTill, TU 60/5, ’55 p. 57).④ a point at which two surfaces or lines meet, corner (from the perspective of an observer the object appears to begin at that point), pl. corners of a sheet Ac 10:11; 11:5 (cp. Hdt. 4, 60; Diod S 1, 35, 10).⑤ a basis for further understanding, beginning τὰ στοιχεῖα τῆς ἀ. elementary principles Hb 5:12 (perh. w. an element of gentle satire: ‘the discrete items or ABC’s that compose the very beginning [of divine instructions]’; cp. MKiley, SBLSP 25, ’86, 236–45, esp. 239f). ὁ τῆς ἀ. τοῦ Χ. λόγος elementary Christian teaching 6:1.⑥ an authority figure who initiates activity or process, ruler, authority (Aeschyl., Thu. et al.; ins; pap, e.g. PHal 1, 226 μαρτυρείτω ἐπὶ τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ δικαστηρίῳ; Gen 40:13, 21; 41:13; 2 Macc 4:10, 50 al., s. Magie 26; so as a loanw. in rabb. ἀ. = νόμιμος ἐπιστασία Did., Gen. 60, 9) w. ἐξουσία Lk 20:20; pl. (Oenomaus in Eus., PE 6, 7, 26 ἀρχαὶ κ. ἐξουσίαι; 4 Macc 8:7; Jos., Ant. 4, 220) Lk 12:11; Tit 3:1; MPol 10:2 (αἱ ἀρχαί can also be the officials as persons, as those who took part in the funeral procession of Sulla: Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 106 §497.—The same mng. 2, 106 §442; 2, 118 §498 al. Likewise Diod S 34+35 Fgm. 2, 31).—Also of angelic or transcendent powers, since they were thought of as having a political organization (Damascius, Princ. 96 R.) Ro 8:38; 1 Cor 15:24; Eph 1:21; 3:10; 6:12; Col 1:16; 2:10, 15; AcPl Ha 1, 7. Cp. TestJob 49, 2; Just., D. 120, 6 end.⑦ the sphere of one’s official activity, rule, office (Diod S 3, 53, 1; Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 13 §57; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 177, Ant. 19, 273), or better domain, sphere of influence (Diod S 17, 24, 2; Appian, Syr. 23 §111; Arrian, Anab. 6, 29, 1; Polyaen. 8:55; Procop. Soph., Ep. 139) of angels Jd 6. Papias (4 v.l. for ἄρχω).—S. the lit. on ἄγγελος and HSchlier, Mächte u. Gewalten im NT: ThBl 9, 1930, 289–97.—144–50 (‘Archai’). EDNT. DELG s.v. ἄρχω D. M-M. TW. Sv. -
4 περίοδος
περίοδος, ὁ,A one who goes the rounds, patrol, Aen.Tact.22.3, al., Rev.Arch.1911(2).424 (Mesembria, i B. C.).------------------------------------A going round, marching round, flank march, τῶν Περσέων ἡ π. Hdt.7.219, 229 ;π. καὶ κύκλωσις Th.4.35
.2 slow walk, Gal.17(2).99.II way round, Hdt.7.223 ;λίμνης Id.1.185
; circumference, circuit, compass, σήματος, τείχεος, ib.93, 163 : abs., τὴν π. in circumference, Id.7.109.III γῆς π. chart or map of the earth, Id.4.36, 5.49, Ar.Nu. 206, Arist.Mete. 362b12, Agathem.1.1 ; αἱ τῆς γῆς π. books of descriptive geography, Arist. Pol. 1262a19, Rh. 1360a34, Mete. 350a16.IV going round in a circle, coming round to the starting-point, circuit, ἡ τοῦ τρίποδος π. Plu. Sol.4.2 esp. of Time, cycle or period of time, πάσαις ἐτέων π. Pi. N.11.40; freq. in Pl., ἐν πολλαῖς χρόνου καὶ μακραῖς π. Phd. 107e ;π. χιλιετής Phdr. 249a
: abs., R. 546b, Epicur.Ep.1p.27U. (pl.), etc.; κατὰ φύσιν π. Arist.GA 777b18; of the Great Year of the Stoics, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.189(pl.); ἐκ περιόδου periodically, in rotation, Heraclid.Pol.58, Plb.2.43.1, etc.;ἐν περιόδῳ Plu.Eum.8
; esp. the period embracing the four great public games,κατὰ τὰν π. ἑκάσταν IG9(1).694.31
(Corc.); ἐνίκησε τὴν π. Ath.10.415a; νικώμενος τὴν π. Arr. Epict.3.25.5, cf. Poll.4.89; v. περιοδονίκης.3 of events, periodic recurrence, cycle, Isoc.15.174, Thphr.CP1.13.1.b cycle, roster of public officials,τῇ πρὸ ταύτης π. τῶν μελλόντων λειτουργεῖν POxy. 1119.6
(iii A. D.), cf. 1552.3 (iii A. D.).4 Medic., a regular prescribed course of life, ἐν τῇ καθεστηκυίᾳ π. ζῆν to live in the regular course, Pl.R. 4073; αἱ ἰατρικαὶ π. the periodical visits of a regular physician, the doctor's rounds, Luc.Gall.23, cf. Nigr.22 : hence, medical practice, Heraclasap.Orib.48.18.2.c fit of intermittent fever, or the like , Hp. Aph.4.59 (pl.), D.9.19; ὁ ἐκ περιόδου πυρετός an intermittent fever, Luc.Philops.9.6 orbit of a heavenly body, Id.Mem. 4.7.5 ; ἀστέρος κυκλικὴ π. Vett.Val.94.20; also θεριναὶ π., = τροπαί, Hp.Aër.19; revolution of a heavenly body, Epicur.Ep.1p.28U.VI Rhet., period, Thrasymach. ap. Suid.s.v. Θρασύμαχος, etc.; defined as λέξις ἔχουσα ἀρχὴν καὶ τελευτὴν αὐτὴ καθ' αὑτὴν καὶ μέγεθος εὐσύνοπτον, Arist.Rh. 1409a35, etc.; also in Music and Metric, Heph.Poëm.3.5, Aristid.Quint.1.14.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > περίοδος
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5 κορέννυμι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `satiate, fill, be satiated' (ep. Ion.).Other forms: - μαι (Them., Orph.), κορέω, κορέσκω (Nic.), κορίσκομαι (Hp.), aor. κορέσ(σ)αι, - ασθαι (Il.), pass. κορεσθῆναι (Od.), perf. ptc. Act. (intr.) κεκορηώς (Od.), ind. midd. κεκόρημαι (Il.), κεκόρεσμαι (X.), fut. κορέω (Il.), κορέσω (Hdt.),Compounds: Rarely with ὑπερ- (Thgn., Poll.), ἀπο- (Gloss.). As 2. member in ἄ-κορος `unsatiable, untiring' (Pi.) with ἀκορία `unsatiated condition, moderation' (Hp.), `unsatiability' (Aret.). διά-, κατά-, πρόσ-, ὑπέρ-κορος `satiated etc.' (IA.); also as σ-stam and with verbal redefinition (Schwyzer 513) ἀ-, δια-, προσ- κορής with προσ-κορίζομαι `vex, annoy' (sch.). As privative also ἀ-κόρη-τος (Il.), ἀ-κόρε(σ)-τος (trag.). - Quite uncertain Αἰγι-κορεῖς pl. m. with Αἰγικορίς f. name of one of the old Ionic phylai (E., inscr.; cf. Hdt. 5, 66), s. Nilsson Cults 147 and Frisk ibd.Derivatives: Wiht lengthened grade κώρα ὕβρις H. (v. Blumenthal Hesychst. with Lobeck). To κόρος ( κοῦρος, κῶρος) `youth' and κόρη `young girl' s. esp. κόρος m. `satiaty, be satiated, surfeit, insolence' (Il.);Origin: IE [Indo-European] [577] *ḱerh₁- `fodder, (let) grow'Etymology: The starting point of the whole paradigm is clearly the aorist κορέσαι, - ασθαι, to which the other forms were successively added: pass. κορε-σ-θῆναι (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 406), perf. κεκόρημαι, - εσμαι (Schwyzer 773), fut. κορέω, - έσω, lastly also the different, sparsely attested presents κορίσκομαι, κορέω, - έσκω, - έννυμι. The verb was prob. orig. because of the perfective aspect limited to the aorist; for an old present *κόρνυμι (Schwyzer 697; as στόρνυμι) there is no support. - The ο-vowel, which is found also in στορέσαι, with the same building, and in θορεῖν, μολεῖν, πορεῖν, is not convincingly explained (attempts in Schwyzer 360f. and Sánchez Ruipérez Emerita 18, 386ff.); with the disyllabic κορέ-σαι agrees elsewhere acute Lith. šér-ti `fodder' (from *ḱerh₁-), with which one connected the old s-stem in Lat. Cerēs `goddess of the growth of plants', and also Arm. ser `origin, gender, offspring' (IE. *ḱéros n. transformed to an o-stem). - The other forms, e. g. Lat. creō `create', crēscō `grow', Arm. sermn `seed', Alb. thjer `acorn', prop. "fodder" (Pok. 577, W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. Cerēs, creō), are unimportant for Greek. - With the meanings `satiate, fodder, let grow', cf. the similar meanings of Lat. alō.Page in Frisk: 1,918-919Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κορέννυμι
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6 σπείρω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to sow, to seed', also (esp. w. prefix) `to spread, to scatter, to distribute'.Other forms: Aor. σπεῖραι, fut. σπερῶ, aor. pass. σπαρ-ῆναι, fut. - ήσομαι, perf. midd. ἔσπαρμαι (IA), act. ἔσπαρκα (late.).Derivatives: A. With full grade: 1. σπέρμα n. `seed, sowing, stem, sprout' ( ε 490); as 1. member also with transition in the o-stems, e.g. σπερμο-λόγος "picking up corn", `rook' (Ar., Arist. etc.; Schmid Phil. 95, 82), `chatterbox' (D. etc., MLat. spermologus; Silvestre Arch. Lat. Med. Aevi 30, 155 ff.). From it σπερ-μάτιον n. dimin. (Thphr. a. o.), - ματίας ( σικυός) m. `seed bearer' (Cratin.), - ματίτης, - ματῖτις `bearing, bringing forth seed' (late; Redard 102), - ματικός `to hold, to bring forth seed' (Arist. etc.), - ματώδης `seed-like' (late); - μαίνω `to sow, to bring forth' (Hes., Call., Plu. a. o.), - ματίζω `to sow, to bear seed', - ματίζομαι `to be sown, pregnant' with - ματισμός m. (LXX, Thphr.), - ματόομαι `to come to seed' (Thphr.) with - μάτωσις (Phan. Hist.). -- 2. σπέραδος n. = σπέρμα (Nic.; like χέραδος). -- B. With o-ablaut: 1. σπόρος m. `seed, sowing' (Att.) with - ιμος `fit for sowing', τὰ -α `sowing fields' (X.. Thphr., LXX a. o.; Arbenz 46 a. 48). 2. σπορά f. `sowing, seed, procreation, descent' (Trag., Pl., Thphr. a. o.) with - αῖος `sown' (Babr.); often to the prefixcompp., e.g. διασπορά f. `dispersal, exile' (LXX, Ph., Plu. a. o.). 3. From σπόρος or σπορά: ὁμό-σπορος `of the same seed, kindred' (poet. h. Cer.); σπορ-εύς ( κατα-. δια-) m. `sower, begetter' (X., pap. a.o.; Bosshardt 53). 4. σπορητός m. `sowing, seed' (A., X., Thphr.; after ἀλοητός, ἄμητος a. o.; not with Bosshardt l. c. from *σπορέω). 5. σποράς, - άδος `dispersed' (IA.), αἱ Σποράδες group of islands, with - άδην `dispersed' (Att. etc.), - αδικός `id.' (Arist.), - άσαι aor. `to disperse' (inscr.). 6. ἐπισπορ-ίη f. `after-seed, second seed' (Hes.; ἐπίσπορος A.), περισπόρ-ια n. pl. `suburbs' (LXX). -- C. With zero grade: 1. σπαρ-τός `sown' (A. a. o.); οἱ Σπαρτοί m.. pl. "the sown ones", of the dragonseed of Kadmos (Pi. a.o.); 2. σπαρνός (s. v.).Etymology: As agricultural term for sowing σπείρω belongs exclusively to Greek. In the west, including Balto-Slavic, appear for it representatives of sē-: sh₁- (Lat. sēmen etc.); s. Ernout-Meillet and W.-Hofmann s. 1. serō (cf. also above on ἵημι). Also in the supposedly older meaning `strew' the other languages provide nothing, that can be identified with σπείρω. Nearest cognate Armenian has in sp'iṙ `strews' with sp`r̄em `spread out' and in p`arat `spread out, separated' with p`aratem `spread out, remove' words which, not to speak of the "rolling" r̄ and the vowel (IE ē or i) in sp`iṙ, in anlaut (IE ( s)ph-?) differ from σπείρω. Arm. spar̄nam `threaten' (Meillet BSL 31, 52) differs semantically strongly. The last word leads to the s. σπαίρω adduced Skt. sphuráti, Lat. spernō etc. Thus we retain two IE groups sp(h)er- with the general meaning `strew, sprinkle, spatter' resp. `draw out, kick with the foot, sprawl, (Gm.) hurry', which, cannot well be distinguished and as popular-expressive expressions may have formed the starting point for σπείρω". Cf. the lit. on σπαίρω. -- Hitt. išpar-iya-zi (beside išpar-i) `he folds out, stretches out', wit σπείρω formally comparable, gives some doubts (Benveniste BSL 33, 139).Page in Frisk: 2,762-763Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σπείρω
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7 ὁρμάω
A : [tense] aor.ὥρμησα Il.6.338
, Pl. Ion 534c; [dialect] Lacon. imper. ὅρμᾱον, i.e. ὅρμαὁν, = ὅρμησον, Ar.Lys. 1247: [tense] pf. :—[voice] Med. and [voice] Pass., Pi.N.1.5, A.Pr. 339, Hdt.1.17, etc.: [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf.ὡρμᾶτο Il.3.142
: [tense] fut.ὁρμήσομαι Hdt.5.34
, X.Cyr.7.1.9,ὁρμηθήσομαι Gal.5.85
: [tense] aor.ὡρμησάμην Il.21.595
, v.l. in Hes.Sc. 127 ([etym.] ἐφ-), never in Prose, exc.ἐξ- X.HG6.5.20
codd.: more freq. in pass. formὡρμήθην Il.5.12
, al., Th.3.98, etc.: [tense] pf.ὥρμημαι S.El.70
, E. El. 340, Th.6.33, etc.: [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl. [tense] pf. and [tense] plpf. ὁρμέαται and - έατο (with vv. ll. ὡρμ-) Hdt.5.121, 8.35 ; in Hom. codd. usu. have the augm., but Aristarch. read ὁρμήθησαν in Il.10.359: ([etym.] ὁρμή):A [voice] Act.,I causal, set in motion, urge on, cheer on,τινὰ εἰς πόλεμον Il.6.338
, Th.1.127 ;τινὰ ποτὶ κλέος Pi.O.10(11).21
;τὸ στράτευμα ὁ. ἐπὶ τὰς Ἀθήνας Hdt.8.106
, cf. S.Aj. 174 (lyr.), E.Or. 352 (anap.); , cf. Ion 534c ;[τὰ] ὁρμῶντα [σώματα] Hp.Epid.6.8.7
; (lyr.); ὁ. τινὰ ἐκ χερός tear from one's arms, Id.Hec. 143 (anap.):—[voice] Pass., ὁρμηθεὶς θεοῦ ἄρχετο inspired by the god he began, Od.8.499 ;πρὸς θεῶν ὡρμημένος S.El.70
;ὑπὸ ἔρωτος Pl.Smp. 181d
; ἵπποι.. ὁρμηθέντες ὑπὸ πληγῇσιν ἱμάσθλης urged on by.., Od.13.82.2 with a thing as the object, stir up,πόλεμον 18.376
: c. acc. et inf.,τὰς διόδους τῶν πτερῶν.. ὥρμησε πτεροφυεῖν Pl.Phdr. 255d
:—[voice] Pass., was sped,S.
El. 196 (lyr.).II more freq. intr., start,1 c. inf., ἴρηξ ὃς ὁρμήσῃ διώκειν ὄρνεον ἄλλο starts in chase of.., Il.13.64; ὁσσάκι δ' ὁρμήσειε πυλάων.. ἀντίον ἀΐξασθαι whenever he started to rush for the gates, 22.194 ;ὁσσάκι δ' ὁρμήσειε.. στῆναι ἐναντίβιον 21.265
; ἐξελαύνειν ὁρμῆσαι τὸν στρατόν began to lead out.., Hdt.1.76, cf.7.150 ; eager to..,S.
Ant. 133 (lyr.); .2 c. gen., rush headlong at one,Τρώων Il.4.335
: more freq. with Preps.,ὁ. ἐπί τινα Hes.Sc. 403
, Hdt. 1.1, etc.;πύργωμα Καδμείων ἔπι E.Supp. 1220
;εἴς τινας X.Cyr.7.1.17
;καθ' αὑτούς Id.An.5.7.25
; also ὁ. ἐς μάχην hasten to battle, A.Pers. 394 ; (lyr.) ;εἰς τὸ διώκειν X.An.1.8.25
;ἐπὶ ἁρπαγάς Pl.R. 391d
;ἐπὶ τοὺς Ἀθηναίους Th.7.34
; ὥρμασε ([dialect] Dor.) (Chersonesus, ii B. C.): without any sense of hostility, rush, (lyr.);ἐς πατρὸς δόμους Id.Med. 1178
; set out,ἀπὸ [τῆς Οἰνόης] Th.2.19
;ἐς φυγήν Hdt.7.179
, etc.;εἰς τὸ ἐπ' ἐκεῖνα τῆς γῆς Pl.Phd. 112b
;ἐπ' ἄλλον λόγον Antipho 3.4.5
;ἐπὶ τὸ σκοπεῖν X.Mem.3.7.9
; ἐπὶ τραγῳδίαν ὥρμηκε has turned to tragedy, Alex.135.14 ; δηλώσεις.. τὴν φύσιν ἐπὶ τί μάλισθ' ὥρμηκε, i. e. what your natural bent is, ib.8 ;φυσικῶς ἐπὶ τὴν ὀργὴν ὁρμᾶν Phld.Ir.93
W.;πρὸς τὰς πράξεις Id.Mus.p.71
K.;ἐπὶ φιλοσοφίαν Id.Acad.Ind.p.64
M. ;πρὸς τὰς ὀχείας Arist.HA 546a15
: c. acc. cogn.,ὁδόν X.An.3.1.8
;στρατείαν Id.Cyr.8.6.20
.3 abs., start, begin,ὥσπερ ὡρμήσαμεν, ἴωμεν Pl.Prt. 314b
, cf. R. 425c; αἱ μάλιστα ὁρμήσασαι [νῆες] the ships that were hottest in pursuit, Th.8.34.B [voice] Med. and [voice] Pass., like the intr. [voice] Act., A. II:1 c. inf., μὴ φεύγειν ὁρμήσωνται that they put not themselves in motion, set not themselves to flee, Il.8.511 ; soδιώκειν ὁρμήθησαν 10.359
, cf. Od.4.282 ; ὡρμήθη κόρυθα κρατὸς ἀφαρπάξαι he rushed to snatch.., Il.13.188, cf. 182 ; ἦτορ ὡρμᾶτο πτολεμίζειν ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι was eager to.., 21.572 ; μᾶλλον ὅρμητο στρατεύεσθαι was eager to march, Hdt.7.1, cf. 19, al., Th.3.45 ; ὅδε ὁ λόγος ὅρμηται λέγεσθαι this account has begun to be given, Hdt.4.16, cf. 6.86.δ' ( λέγεσθαι is restored for λέγεται in 3.56); but λόγον, τὸν ὅρμητο λέγειν which he purposed to make, Id.5.50.2 the object for or after which one goes is sts. in gen., Il.14.488, 21.595 : a case with a Prep.,ὡρμήθησαν ἐπ' ἀνδράσιν Od.10.214
;ἐπί τινα S.Aj.47
, etc.;εἴς τινα X.Cyr.7.1.9
; μετά τινα after one, Il.17.605 ; soὁ. ἐπὶ τὸ ἱρόν Hdt.8.35
;ἐς πύλας A.Th.31
;πρὸς δόμους E.Hipp. 1152
;ἐπ' ἀλήθειαν Pl.Sph. 228c
;ἐς φυγήν Th.4.14
;πρὸς τίσιν S.OC 1328
;πρὸς τὸ κρατεῖν Pl.R. 581a
;[ἡ ποίησις] πρὸς ἡδονὴν ὥρμηται Id.Grg. 502c
; οἱ περὶ λόγον ἢ παιδείαν ὁρμώμενοι persons keen about.., Vett.Val.199.5 : rarely c. acc. loci,νερτέρας πλάκας S.OC 1576
(lyr.).b the starting-point is expressed byἐκ, ὡρμᾶτ' ἐκ θαλάμοιο Il.3.142
, cf. 9.178, etc. ; or ἀπό, S.Tr. 156, Pl. Phd. 101d, etc.;ἀπὸ φιλοσοφίας Phld.Rh.1.357
S.; or by a form in-θεν, σέθεν.. ὕμνος ὁρμᾶται θέμεν αἶνον Pi.N.1.5
: in historical Prose, ὁρμᾶσθαι ἐκ.. start from, begin from, esp. of the place where one carries on any regular operations, ἐνθεῦτεν ὁρμώμενοι living there and going out from thence to do their daily work, Hdt.1.17 ; of fishers,ἐκ πλοίων ὁρμώμενοι Id.3.98
; of a general, making that place his head-quarters or base of operations, Id.8.133, cf. 5.125, al., Th.1.64, 2.69, al.; ἀπ' ἐλασσόνων ὁρμώμενος setting out, beginning with smaller means, ib.65, cf. 1.144 ; of rivers,ἐκ τῆς Ἴδης ὁ.
rising..,Pl.
Lg. 682b.3 abs., rush, dart, attack, Il.5.12, Od.12.126, al., S.OC 1068 (lyr.); also with ἔγχεϊ, ξιφέεσσι, etc., added, Il. 5.855, 17.530, 13.496, al.b generally, hasten, be eager, , cf. 395 ;ἀλλ' ἥδε.. ὁρμᾶται
comes forth,Id.
Pers. 151 (anap.);τὸ φέγγος ὁρμάσθω πυρός Id.Eu. 1029
; ὕβρις ἀτάρβητα ὁρμᾶται insolence goes fearless forth, S.Aj. 197 (lyr.). -
8 καρδια
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `heart', metaph.. `soul, spirit' (Il.), also `cardiac orifice of the stomach' (Hp., Th.), `heart of wood' (Thphr., pap.; Strömberg Theophrastea 125ff.).Compounds: As 1. member e. g. καρδι-αλγέω `suffer from heartburn' with - ής, - ία, - ικός (Hp.); very often as 2. member, e. g. θρασυ-κάρδιος `with daring spirit' (Il.).Derivatives: κάρδιον n. `heart-formed ornament' (Delos IIIa), καρδικός `belonging to the heart' (pap.), καρδιᾶτις f. Pythagoraean name of the number of five ( Theol. Ar.); καρδιώσσω, Att. - ώττω = καρδιαλγέω (Epich., Hp., Ar., Arist.) with καρδιωγμός (Hp.), also καρδιάω ( καρδιόωντα Nic. Al. 581); καρδιόω `hearten' (LXX). - Beside it κῆρ (ep.), κέαρ (Pi., B., trag.) n., dat. κῆρι, adv. κηρόθι `in the heart' with κηραίνω `be afraid' (E., Max., Ph.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [579] *kērd, *ḱr̥doś `heart'Etymology: With καρδία cf. other body-parts in - ία as κοιλία, ἀρτηρία, λαυκανίη. The starting point is a monosyll. neuter κῆρ \< *κῆρδ (IE. *ḱērd) with ablaut ; cf. Lat. cord-is (IE. *ḱr̥d-és; would be Gr. *καρδ-ός, *κραδ-ός). We often find an i-stem, which developed e.g.: Lith. šird-ìs, Arm. instr. srt-iw (nom. sirt \< IE. * kērd(-i); cf. below), Hitt. gen. kard-iaš (nom. ke-ir [= kēr]); the -i originated in the nom. acc.: Skt. hā́rdi (gen. hr̥d-ás as Lat. cord-is); cf. Arm. sirt above. - The disyll. κέαρ was created by poets as false archaism to κῆρι after ἔαρ (ἦρ): ἦρι `spring'. On the accent of κῆρ Schwyzer 377; also Berger Münch. Stud. z. Sprachwiss. 3, 3. - Also elsewhere the word was enlarged, e. g. OIr. cride (ḱr̥d-i̯o-), Slav., e. g. OCS srъdь-ce (beside srěda `middle' \< PSlav. * serd-a), Germ., e. g. Goth. hairt-o, gen. hairt-ins (n-stem as augo `eye', auso `ear'), Skt. hŕ̥d-aya-m = Av. zǝrǝd-aē-m. The OInd. (Indoiran.?) word shows a secondary h- (for ś- \< IE. ḱ-), from cross with a related notion (s. on χορδή). - More details in Pok. 579, W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. cor, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. sérdce. On Greek further Schwyzer, 279, 342, 377, 518; also Scheller Oxytonierung 61, Bolelli (s. on ἦτορ). Cf. also on κραδαίνω.Page in Frisk: 1,787-788Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > καρδια
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9 ἀφορμή
ἀφορμή, ῆς, ἡ (s. ἀφορμάω) lit. a base or circumstance from which other action becomes possible, such as the starting-point or base of operations for an expedition, then gener. the resources needed to carry through an undertaking (e.g. even commercial capital), in our lit. (also Ar. 2, 7; Just.; Tat.; Mel., HE 4, 26, 5; Ath., R. 49, 235 al.) a set of convenient circumstances for carrying out some purpose occasion, opportunity for someth., a meaning found in Attic Gk. and also quite common in the Koine (Nägeli 15) ἐκκόπτειν τὴν ἀ. τῶν θελόντων ἀ. cut off the opportunity of those who wish an opportunity 2 Cor 11:12 (numerous transl. var. render: ‘cut the ground out from under those who look for opportunity’); ἀ. διδόναι τινί (Polyb. 28, 6, 7 μὴ διδόναι τ. ἐχθροῖς ἀφορμὴν εἰς διαβολήν; Pr 9:9; Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 200; cp. Diod S 1, 83; 13, 22, 5; 3 Macc 3:2) give someone an occasion: τῷ ἀντικειμένῳ λοιδορίας χάριν to the opponent for reviling 1 Ti 5:14; excuse (to future believers for moral laxity) Hm 4, 3, 3; τινός for someth. 2 Cor 5:12 (for the gen. cp. Epict. 1, 8, 6; 1, 9, 20; Dio Chrys. 16 [33], 38; Jos., Bell. 7, 441, Ant. 5, 57); ἀ. διδόναι τινί, ἵνα Hm 4, 1, 11. Pl. (Polyb., Epict., Vett. Val.; IPriene 105, 13 and 16; Joseph.) ἀφορμὰς διδόναι τινί, ἵνα ITr 8:2; ἀ. λαμβάνειν (a favorite expr.; e.g. in Polyb.; Dionys. Hal.; Philo, In Flacc. 47; Ar. 11, 7 ἀφορμήν; cp. Just., A I, 44, 9 ἀφορμάς) grasp an opportunity Ro 7:8, 11; w. gen. of the one who gives the opportunity Lk 11:53/54 v.l. (the expr. ἀ. ζητεῖν is used difft. POxy 34 III, 13 ἀ. ζητοῦντες ἁμαρτημάτων=looking for opportunity to commit illegal acts). W. εἴς τι for someth. (Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 53 §222 ἔχειν ἀφορμὴν ἔς τι; Philo) 2 Cl 16:1; εἰς ἀ. τῇ σαρκί to give the flesh an opportunity (to become active) Gal 5:13.—M-M. TW. Sv. -
10 ἥκω
ἥκω (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX, pseudepigr.; Jos., Ant. 16, 329; 341 al.; Just., A II, 2, 5; for ἔρχεσθαι Just., D. 49, 3 and 88, 7 [Mt 3:11f], D. 53, 3 [Zech 9:9]); for ἤχθη (A I, 51, 1 [Is 53:8]; D. 13, 6 [Is 53:8]) since it has the mng. of a perf., its conjugation somet. has perf. forms (as in pap [Mayser I 22 ’38, 148]; LXX [Helbing 104]; JosAs 3:7f; Joseph. [WSchmidt 470]) ἥκασι(ν) Mk 8:3 (v.l. ἥκουσιν); 1 Cl 12:2. Impf. ἧκον; fut. ἥξω; 1 aor. ἧξα (POxy 933, 13).① to be in a place as the result of movement to, have come, be present, of personsⓐ w. mention of the starting point ἀπό τινος Mt 8:11; Lk 13:29. ἔκ τινος J 4:47; Ro 11:26. μακρόθεν Mk 8:3 (cp. Josh 9:6, 9; Is 60:4, FDanker, JBL 82, ’63, 215f).ⓑ w. mention of the goal εἴς τι J 4:47 (s. a above); ἥ. εἰς θάνατον go to one’s death 1 Cl 16:9. ἥ. εἰς τὴν πύρωσιν τῆς δοκιμασίας D 16:5. ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ αὐτοῦ at home GJs 5:1. πρός τινα (PSI 326, 4 [261 B.C.]; En 106:8) Ac 28:23 v.l.; GJs 9:3. ἐπί τινα have come to someone (UPZ 78, 44 [159 B.C.]), also w. hostile intent (Pla., Rep. 336b et al.; 2 Ch 20:2) Rv 3:3b. ἐπί τι (Lucian, Jupp. Tr. 24; Achilles Tat. 5, 10, 1) B 4:3. W. inf. foll. 1 Cl 12:2. ἕως ὧδε 20:7. ἐκεῖ there (POslo 58, 5) Hv 3, 1, 3.ⓒ abs. Mt 24:50; Lk 12:46; 15:27; J 8:42; Hb 10:7, 9 (both Ps 39:8), 37 (Hab 2:3); 1J 5:20; Rv 2:25; 3:3a, 9; 1 Cl 23:5 (Mal 3:1); D 16:7. ἰδοὺ ἥκει Ἰωακεὶμ μετὰ τῶν ποιμνίων αὐτοῦ there came Joachim with his flocks GJs 4:4.ⓓ of the coming of a worshiper to a deity (OGI 186, 6 ἥκω πρὸς τὴν κυρίαν ῏Ισιν; 196, 2; Sb 1059, 8402 [I B.C.], 8411 [79 B.C.], 8412 [66 B.C.] al.; 3 Km 8:42; Jer 27:5; ἐπὶ σὲ ἥξομεν PsSol 5:7) J 6:37; Rv 15:4 (Ps 85:9).ⓔ of a solemn appearance be here (of a deity PGM 1, 26; 29; Zosimus: Herm. Wr. IV p. 111, 5 θεὸς ἥξει πρός σε; 111, 9; Synes., Provid. 2, 2 p. 118b; SibOr 3, 49) expressed w. special force by ἥκω (PGiss 3, 2 [ἄγνωστος, beg.]; s. OWeinreich, ARW 18, 1915, 38ff) J 8:42.② to make an appearance or come to pass, come, impers. (Demosth. 23, 12; Diod S 18, 58, 2 ἧκε γράμματα=‘a letter came’; Plut., Philop. 366 [21, 1]; Epict. 2, 2, 20; Ael. Aristid. 48, 13 K.=24 p. 468 D.) of time (Ezk 7:12 ἥκει ὁ καιρός; Ps 101:14) or of events Mt 24:14; J 2:4; 13:1 v.l.; 2 Pt 3:10; Rv 18:8. Of information, reports ὡς ἐκ παραδόσεως ἀγράφου εἰς αὐτὸν ἥκοντα as coming to him from an unwritten tradition Papias (2:11). Of the reign of God 2 Cl 12:2. ἕως ἥξει ὅτε until the time comes when Lk 13:35. ἐπί τινα upon someone (Is 47:9; cp. τὰ ἀγαθὰ ἥξεις … ἐπʼ αὐτούς En 107:1) of the final tribulations Mt 23:36; Lk 19:43.—DELG. M-M. TW. -
11 μυχθίζω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `blow the nose, sniff, ridicule' (Theoc., Plb., AP), ἀνα-μυχθίζομαι `sniff, moan loudly' (A. Pr. 743); in H. also προμυχθίζει and ἐπεμύχθισαν, the last as explanation of ἐπέμυξαν.Derivatives: μυχθισμός m. `snorting, mocking' (Hp., E., Aq.); μυχθώδης `(like one) snorting' (Hp.), as if from *μύχθος (cf. below).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Expressive present, cognate with μύσσομαι and μύζω `moan, sigh' (s. vv.). The starting point may have been the aorist μύξαι, μύξασ-θαι, to which, perh. through *μύχθος (s. above), the present μυχθίζω was formed, perh. after βρόξαι (: βρόχθος): βροχθίζω. - I wonder whether μυχθ- is Pre-Greek (not in Fur.).Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μυχθίζω
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12 σάττω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to stuff, to compress, to pack, to load, to equip' (IA., Cret.).Other forms: Ion. σάσσω (Hp.), Cret. (Gortyn) συνεσσάδδῃ, aor. σάξαι, pass. σαχθῆναι, perf. midd. σέσαγμαι.Compounds: Also w. prefix, e. g. ἐπι-.Derivatives: 1. σαγή or σάγη f. (acc. after Hdn. 1, 309) `pack, equipment' (since A.), also `pack saddle' (pap., Babr. a. o.); 2. σάγμα ( ἐπί- σάττω) n. `coat, cloak' (E., Ar.), `pack saddle' (LXX, Str., pap; usw.), dimin. - άτιον n. (Arr.); - ατᾶς m. `saddler' (pap.). 3. σάκτας m. `bag, pouch' (Ar. Pl. 681, Poll.), prop. "stuffer" (Björck Alpha impurum. 68), also = ἰατρός (Boeot., Stratt.), prob. as nickname (cf. Bechtel Dial. 1, 310); diff. Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73: 2, 26 (to Skt bhiṣáj- `doctor'; by Mayrhofer s. v. rejected); 4. σακτήρ = θύλακος H.; 5. σάκτωρ, - ορος m. `crammer' (A. Pers. 924; anap.); 6. σάκτρα f. = φορμός Phot. 7. σάξις ( ἐπί- σάττω) f. `cramming' (Arist., Thphr.); 8. σακτός `crammed' (Antiph., pap.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The forms σάττω, σάξαι, σέσαγμαι including the nominal derivv., of which σαγή and σάγμα with analog. - γ- (reversed Bechtel Dial. 2, 745: γ original as in Crot. σάδδῃ; but σάττω analog. after σάξαι), form a regular nivellated system, of which the starting point cannot be reconstructed by lack of an etym. A possible connection gives the nasalised Toch. AB twāṅk- `force in' (IE *tu̯a-n-k-; v. Windekens Orbis 11, 180; 12, 188); but Skt. tvanakti (Lex.) `draw together' is unreliable (s. Mayrhofer s. v.). Further superseded comparisons w. lit. in Bq and WP. 1, 746 f. (Pok. 1098). Cf. also σηκός and σωκός; also συχνός.Page in Frisk: 2,681Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σάττω
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13 διαυλοδρομέω
A to run the δίαυλος, Sch.Ar.Av. 293; return to the starting-point, Arist.GA 741b21; of the moon, Ph.1.24; of evils, recur, Id.2.350.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > διαυλοδρομέω
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14 ἐντροπαλίζομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `turn around (often), turn back' (Il.).Other forms: only ptc. - όμενοςEtymology: With the same meaning also μετατροπαλίζεο (impf. med., Υ 190). - Expressive formation; to τροπέομαι, τρέπομαι created like στροφαλίζω to στροφέω, στρέφω, κροταλίζω to κροτέω. The starting point was originally a noun in - αλ(ο-), cf. κρόταλον, στροφάλιγξ. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 340. An adj. ἐντροπαλός `shameful, afraid' is attested in Modern Greek; cf. Schwyzer 32. Diff. Bechtel Lex.. 318f.Page in Frisk: 1,525Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐντροπαλίζομαι
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15 ὑπόθεσις
A proposal, proposed action,τὴν ἐν φίλοις δικαιοτάτην ὑ. ἔχω ὑποτιθέναι X.Cyr.5.5.13
;ἵνα σὺ τὰ σαυτοῦ κατὰ τὴν ὑ. ὅπως ἂν βούλῃ περαίνῃς Pl.Grg. 454c
; intention, policy,πολλὰ πρᾶξαι πρὸς τὴν ὑ. τῆς πατρίδος ὡς συχνῆς ἀδικίας δεομένην Thphr.Fr. 136
;διὰ τὴν ὑ. τῆς πολιτείας.. ἠναγκάζετο χρῆσθαι τοῖς ὑπουργοῦσι Plu.Caes.51
; πρὸς ὑ. τινα ἀγαθῶν ἀνδρῶν men good for a particular policy, Arist.Pol. 1293b4; ὑ. τῆς δημοκρατικῆς πολιτείας ἐλευθερία ib. 1317a40; ἡμῖν ἡ τῶν νόμων ὑ. ἐνταῦθα ἔβλεπεν, ὅπως .. Pl.Lg. 743c;περὶ τῶν αὐτῶν οὐχ ὁμοίως ἅπασι βουλευτέον, ἀλλ' ὡς ἂν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἕκαστοι τοῦ βίου ποιήσωνται τὴν ὑ. Isoc.6.90
;τοῖς φαύλοις ἐνδέχεται τὰ τυχόντα πράττειν· εὐθὺς γὰρ τοῦ βίου τοιαύτην πεποίηνται τὴν ὑ. Id.1.48
;ἀνάγκη τοῖς περὶ ὅλων τῶν πραγμάτων καλὰς τὰς ὑ. πεποιημένοις καὶ τὰ μέρη τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον ἔχειν ἐκείνοις Id.7.28
;πρὸς ταύτην τὴν ὑ. ἀποβλέποντες ἄμεινον βουλευσόμεθα καὶ περὶ τῶν ἄλλων Id.8.18
;ἐξέστητε τῆς ὑ. ἐφ' ἧς ὑμᾶς οἱ πρόγονοι κατέλιπον D.10.46
; οἱ τῆς αὐτῆς ὑ. προεστῶτες those who advocated the same policy, Plb.30.32.12;ἅπαντας ἀπονεύσειν ἐπ' ἐκείνην τὴν ὑ. Id.24.9.7
; Ἀχαϊκωτέραν εἶναι.. ταύτην τὴν ὑ. καὶ νικητικωτέραν ἐν τοῖς πολλοῖς ib.4;τὸ τῆς ἰδίας ὑ. λαμπρόν Id.21.23.1
;τὸ τῶν σαρισῶν μέγεθός ἐστι κατὰ μὲν τὴν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὑ. ἑκκαίδεκα πηχῶν, κατὰ δὲ τὴν ἁρμογὴν τὴν πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν δεκατεττάρων Id.18.29.2
;τηροῦντες τὴν αὑτῶν ὑ. Id.5.5.5
;πρὸς ταύτην ἁρμοζόμενοι τὴν ὑ. Id.3.16.1
, cf. 3.50.7; κατασκέψασθαι τὴν τῶν ὑπεναντίων ἐπίνοιαν καὶ τὴν ὅλην ὑ. ib.6;Φάβιος.. κατὰ τὴν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὑ. οὐδαμῶς κρίνων ἐκκυβεύειν οὐδὲ παραβάλλεσθαι τοῖς ὅλοις Id.3.94.4
.2 suggestion, advice,ἐδώκαμεν ἄν σοι ὑποθέσεις δι' ὧν οἱ ἀντίδικοι ἂν οἴμωζον PMich.Zen.57.7
(iii B. C.);διελέγοντο.. κατὰ τὰς ἐντολὰς τὰς Ἀράτου καὶ τὰς ὑ. Plb. 2.48.8
, cf. 2.52.6, 4.24.2;κροτηθείσης τῆς ὑ. Id.28.16.5
; πολυτέχνους ὑ. ἔργων elaborate proposals for works, Plu.Per.12.3 purpose, ;λόγῳ μὲν ἀποδώσων.., ἑτέραν δὲ τῆς ἀποδημίας ἔχων ὑ. λανθάνουσαν τοὺς πολλούς Id.Mar.31
;ἐξ αὐτῆς τῆς αἰτίας τῆς τε ὑ. τοῦ πολέμου ἀξιολογώτατος ἀγὼν συνηνέχθη D.C.41.56
;ὑ. τοῦ πολέμου καὶ πρόφασιν διδόντων ἐλευθεροῦν τοὺς Ἕλληνας Plu.Flam.15
;τὸ χωρὶς ὑποθέσεως πολεμεῖν.. τί ἄλλο ἢ μανία; D.Chr.38.17
; [οἱ ἐλέφαντες] ἴσασι τῆς ὁδοῦ τῆς ἐπ' αὐτοὺς τὴν ὑ... εἶναι.. τοὺς ὀδόντας Ael.NA6.56
.4 occasion, excuse, pretext,οὕτω γὰρ ἂν αὐτοῖς ἡ ἀπολογία προαναιροῖτο καὶ ἡ πρώτη ὑ. τῆς ἐθελοδουλείας Luc.Merc.Cond.5
; τοιαύτης αὐτοῖς τῆς ὑ. οὔσης ib.10;ἀεὶ χρὴ ἐπί τινι λυπεῖσθαι καὶ μὴ ἄνευ ὑ. Artem.
2.60;ὑ. ἀργυρισμοῦ καὶ φόνων εἰληφέναι ἐδόκει D.C.63.26
;μή με νομίσῃς ἀπὸ τῆς παρούσης ὑ. ἀπαρτᾶν τὸν λόγον Id.52.18
.5 actor's role,τοὺς ὑποκριτὰς.. οὓς ὁρῶμεν οὔτε κλαίοντας ἐν τοῖς θεάτροις, ὡς αὐτοὶ θέλουσιν, ἀλλ' ὡς ὁ ἀγὼν ἀπαιτεῖ πρὸς τὴν ὑ. Plu.Dem.22
;ὶδεῖν τί μου ποιεῖ ὁ ἀθλητής, πῶς μελετᾷ τὴν ὑ. Arr.Epict.1.29.38
, cf. 41;τὴν τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τῆς μητρὸς ὑ. λαβεῖν Iamb.VP8.39
.6 function, occupation, station in life, [Διονύσιος] ἐκ σημοτικῆς καὶ ταπεινῆς ὑ. ὁρμηθείς Plb.15.35.2
; [Ἀγαθοκλῆς] ὁρμηθεὶς ἀπὸ τοιαύτης ὑ. Id.12.15.7
;τὸ μὴ εἶναι ἄλλην βίου ὑ. εἰς τὸ φιλοσοφεῖν οὕτως ἐπιτήδειον ὡς ταύτην ἐν ᾗ νῦν ὢν τυγχάνεις M.Ant.11.7
, cf. 8.1, Paul. Aeg.3.17.7 practical problem,κοινὴ ἡ ὑ. καὶ τῷ καθ' ἡμᾶς βίῳ πάνυ πολλή, βαλανείου κατασκευή Luc.Hipp.4
;ἡ μὲν οὖν ὑ. τοιαύτη HeroAut.21.2
.II subject proposed ( to oneself or another) for discussion,κελεῦσαι τὴν πρώτην ὑ. τοῦ πρώτου λόγου ἀναγνῶναι Pl. Prm. 127d
;ἐπὶ τὴν ὑ. ἐπανάγειν τὸν λόγον X.Mem.4.6.13
;ἐπὶ τὴν ὑ. πάλιν ἐπανελθεῖν Isoc.4.63
, cf. Gal.6.124;τὴν ὑ. περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθε οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες D.3.1
;τοὺς δικαστὰς ἀπαγαγὼν ἀπὸ τῆς ὑ. Id.19.242
;ἐπὶ τῆς ὑ. μεῖναι Aeschin.3.76
;ἔξω τῆς ὑ. λέγειν Isoc.7.63
, cf. 12.161;μὴ πόρρω λίαν τῆς ὑ. ἀποπλανηθῶ Id.7.77
, cf. 12.88, Aeschin. 3.176,190;ὅτ' ἔγραφον περὶ τὴν αὐτὴν ὑ. Isoc.5.83
;περὶ [τῆς πόλεως] τὴν ὑ. ποιησάμενος Id.12.35
;τοῦ πράγματος ἐν κεφαλαίῳ.. δήλωσις, ἵνα γινώσκωσι περὶ ὧν ὁ λόγος παρακολουθῶσί τε τῇ ὑ. Arist.Rh.Al. 1436a36
, cf. Pl.Def. 415b;ἡ ὑ. ἐλάττων Arist.Rh. 1404b15
; πρὸς ὑπόθεσιν λέγειν, opp. πρὸς ἀμφισβητοῦντα, ib. 1391b13;πολλὰ πρὸς τὴν ὑ. οἰκείως διαλεχθείς D.S.13.53
; haec erat ὑ., de gravitate ordinis, etc., Cic.Att.1.14.4.2 case at law, lawsuit,γράφει ὁ Μαιίστας εἰς τὴν ὑ. ταύτην IG11(4).1299.29
(Delos, iii B. C.), cf. OGI665.18,669.41 (both Egypt, i A. D.), POxy. 237 vii 34, viii 22 (ii A. D.), 486.26 (ii A. D.);τὰ περὶ ταύτης τῆς ὑ. πεπραγμένα PLips.34.18
(iv A. D.).3 subject of a poem or treatise, Zeno Stoic.1.23, Plb.1.2.1, D.H.Pomp.3, Longin. 38.2, Plu.Pomp.42, Luc.Charid.14, Pseudol.5, al.; of a picture, Id.Zeux.5,7; of an impromptu declamation,ἐπειδὰν οἱ παρόντες ὑποβάλωσί τινας ὑ. καὶ ἀφορμὰς λόγου Id.Rh.Pr.18
; plot, story,μῦθοι καὶ ὑποθέσεις Phld.Po.2.62
, cf. 5.5, al., Arg.Men.Oxy.1235.113 (ii A. D.), Dicaearch. ap. S.E.M.3.3, Artem.4.59, Sch.S.Aj.Prooem., Arg.Ar. Ach. tit., etc.4 speech,αἱ δικανικαὶ καὶ δημηγορικαὶ ὑ. Theon Prog.1
; = ἐπίδειξις 1.3, ἀρξαμένων (v.l. -ῳ)τῆς ὑ. LXX 4 Ma.1.12
; ἀνδρὸς ἀρετὰς ὅλην πληρούσας ὑ. providing matter for a whole speech, Chor.p.34B.b speech or subject of a speech in which the person, occasion, etc. are particularized, opp. θέσις v. 2, Aphth.Prog. 13, cf. Quint.Inst.3.5.7.5 a kind of play or pantomime,μῖμοί τινές εἰσιν ὧν τοὺς μὲν ὑποθέσεις τοὺς δὲ παίγνια καλοῦσιν Plu.2.712e
; μιμολωγοι η υποθησις εικυρα (i. e. μιμολόγοι· ἡ ὑπόθεσις Ἑκυρά), i. e. 'theatrical performance: play, the Hecyra', Ath.Mitt.26.4 (inscr. on lamp, iii B. C.); κλάειν ἤρξαντο πάντες καὶ μετέβαλε τὸ συμπόσιον εἰς σκυθρωπὴν ὑ. into a tragedy, Charito 4.3; so perh. in Luc.Nigr.8; of Aesop's fables,χρῆται [τῇ ἀλώπεκι] ὁ Αἴσωπος διακόνῳ τῶν πλείστων ὑ. Philostr.Im.1.3
.III supposition,ἢ βούλεσθε.. ἀπ' ἐμαυτοῦ ἄρξωμαι καὶ τῆς ἐμαυτοῦ ὑ., περὶ τοῦ ἑνὸς αὐτοῦ ὑποθέμενος, εἴτε ἕν ἐστιν εἴτε μὴ ἕν, τί χρὴ συμβαίνειν; Pl.Prm. 137b
; αὕτη ἡ ὑ., εἰ ἓν μὴ ἔστιν ib. 160b; χρὴ.. μὴ μόνον εἰ ἔστιν ἕκαστον ὑποτιθέμενον σκοπεῖν τὰ συμβαίνοντα ἐκ τῆς ὑ., ἀλλὰ καὶ εἰ μὴ ἔστι τὸ αὐτὸ τοῦτο ὑποτίθεσθαι ib. 135e, cf. 136a; [σκοπεῖν] τί ἐφ' ἑκατέρας τῆς ὑ. συμβήσεται ib. 136b;εἰ ὀρθὴ ἡ ὑ. ἦν, τὸ ψυχὴν ἁρμονίαν εἶναι Id.Phd. 94b
, cf. 92d, Sph. 244c;πρὸς μὲν τὴν ὑ. ὀρθῶς λέγουσιν, ὅλως δ' οὐκ ὀρθῶς Arist. Metaph. 1082b32
; ἐξ ὑποθέσεως σκοπεῖσθαι examine by starting from an assumption, of reasoning by analysis in geometry, Pl.Men. 86e; τῶν τὴν τέχνην ζητεύντων ἐξ ὑποθέσιος λόγων arguments seeking to derive the (medical) art from an assumption, Hp.VM13; ὑ. αὐτοὶ αὑτοῖς ὑποθέμενοι τῷ λόγῳ ib.1; ἄγοντες ἐπὶ ὑπόθεσιν τὴν τέχνην ib. 15;χρῆσιν ἀρετῆς τελείαν, καὶ ταύτην οὐκ ἐξ ὑ. ἀλλ' ἁπλῶς· λέγω δ' ἐξ ὑ. τἀναγκαῖα, οἷον.. τιμωρίαι καὶ κολάσεις.. τὸ καλῶς ἀναγκαίως ἔχουσι Arist.Pol. 1332810
; ἡ πολιτεία ἡ ἐξ ὑ. ( = ἡ δοθεῖσα ) the constitution based on a presupposition, ib. 1288b28; of currency, ἓν δή τι δεῖ εἶναι, τοῦτο δ' ἐξ ὑ.· διὸ νόμισμα καλεῖται according to a presupposed convention, Id.EN 1133b21 (cf. a29-31, APr. 41a40); of reductio ad impossibile,ἢ δεικτικῶς ἢ ἐξ ὑ. τοῦ δ' ἐξ ὑ. μέρος τὸ διὰ τοῦ ἀδυνάτου Id.APr. 40b25
-6, cf. 41a25;δυνατοῦ δεξάμενον ὑπόθεσιν ἐπ' ἀδύνατον ἀπαχθῆναι Arr.Epict.1.7.25
, cf. Procl. in Euc.pp.76,252 F.; καθ' ὑπόθεσιν by way of supposition, 'let us suppose', Phld.Rh. 1.95 S., Sign.12, Cleom.1.7.IV = τὸ ὑποκείμενον (cf.ὑπόκειμαι 11.8
), the presupposition of an action, that which has been settled before it begins,περὶ τοῦ τέλους οὐθεὶς βουλεύεται, ἀλλὰ τοῦτ' ἐστὶν ἀρχὴ καὶ ὑ. Arist.EE 1227a8
, cf. b30;τῶν πράξεων τὰς ἀρχὰς καὶ τὰς ὑ. ἀληθεῖς καὶ δικαίας εἶναι προσήκει D.2.10
; of a thing, that without which it cannot exist or be what it is, its essence, αὕτη (sc. τὸ στέλεχος)οἷον ὑ. καὶ φύσις δένδρων Thphr.HP4.13.4
(cf. οὐσία καὶ φύσις τοῦ δένδρου ibid.);ἐπὶ τοῖς χυμοῖς μόνοις σηπομένοις ἔχοντος τὴν ὑ. ὅλου τοῦ νοσήματος, ὅπερ ἐστὶ πυρετώδους ὄντος Gal.18(2).299
.2 in the syllogism, the preliminary statements of fact (whether proved or not) from which inference starts, i. e. the premisses ([etym.] προτάσεις) , τῶν ἀποδείξεων αἱ ὑ., equivalent to ἀρχαί, Arist.Metaph. 1013a16;αἱ ἀρχαὶ καὶ αἱ λεγόμεναι ὑ. Id.APo. 81b15
; ὅσα δέδεικται δι' ἐκείνων ὑποθέσεις ποιησάμενοι taking as premisses (here) what has been proved in those other works, Gal.6.7, cf. 25,224; ἴστω.. τῆς ὑγιεινῆς πραγματείας ἀνατρέπων τὴν ὑ. ib.17;ὑπόθεσιν, αἴτησιν οὖσαν πράγματος εἰς κατασκευήν τινος S.E.M.3.4
;λαμβάνειν ἀναποδείκτους ὑ. Plu.2.720f
, cf. 721d;ἀναγκαῖον ἢ τὰς ὑ. εἶναι τὰς πρώτας ψευδεῖς, ἢ τὰς ὑπὲρ τῶν συμβαινόντων ἀποφάς εις Plb.1.15.9
, cf. 11.b assumption of existence of any one of the fundamental objects of a particular science,ὁ ὁρισμὸς θέσις μέν ἐστι.. ὑ. δ' οὐκ ἔστι· τὸ γὰρ τί ἐστι μονὰς καὶ τὸ εἶναι μονάδα οὐ ταὐτόν Arist.APo. 72a23
;ἐν ταῖς πράξεσι τὸ οὗ ἕνεκα ἀρχή, ὥσπερ ἐν τοῖς μαθηματικοῖς αἱ ὑ. Id.EN 1151a17
.3 starting-point,ἐκ ταύτης τῆς ὑ. λαβεῖν τὸν λόγον τὴν εἰς ἑκάτερον μέρος ὁρμήν Iamb.VP27.130
; beginning, τὰς μὲν ἐλπίδας οὐ τελειοῖ (sc. ὁ ὄνειρος) , τὰς δὲ ὑ. τῶν πραγμάτων ταῖς περιοχαῖς ὁμοίας ποιεῖ (referring to a birth of twins which died), Artem.4.47.4 raw material,τὴν δοθεῖσαν ὑ. εὐφυᾶ πρὸς ὑποδοχὴν γυμναστικῆς.. ἀμείνω ἀποφαίνειν Luc.Hist. Conscr.35
;οἵαν ὕλην καὶ ὑ. φεύγεις·.. μένε οὖν μέχρι ἐξοικειώσῃς σαυτῷ καὶ ταῦτα M.Ant.10.31
.V mortgage, Thphr.Fr.97.1 (pl.).2 thing placed under, base, τὰς ὑ. (signf. 111)ποιούμενος οὐκ ἀρχὰς ἀλλὰ τῷ ὄντι ὑ., οἷον ἐπιβάσεις τε καὶ ὁρμάς Pl.R. 511b
, cf. Arr.Epict.1.7.22; in D.2.10 (v. supr. IV. 1) the ἀρχαί and ὑποθέσεις (i. e. basic principles) of actions are compared to the foundations ([etym.] τὰ κάτωθεν) of a house or a ship;Τριπτόλεμος.. τὰς πρώτας ὑ. βαλόμενος τῇ πόλει Lib.Or.11.52
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑπόθεσις
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16 ἀφορμή
ἀφορμ-ή, ἡ,A starting-point, esp. in war, base of operations,ἀναχώρησίς τε καὶ ἀ. Th.1.90
, cf. Plb.1.41.6, etc.; place of safety, E.Med. 342.2 generally, starting-point, origin, occasion or pretext,ἀφορμαὶ λόγων Id.Hec. 1239
, Ph. 199;ἀφορμὴν παρέχειν D.18.156
;δεδωκέναι Id.21.98
, cf. 2 Ep.Cor.5.12;λαβεῖν ἀ. Isoc.4.61
, Ep.Rom.7.8; (ii A. D.), 923.22 (i/ii A. D.);ἵνα ἀ. γένοιτο τιμῆς Inscr.Prien.105.16
(i B. C.);ἀ. καὶ πρόφασις Plb. 2.52.3
; occasion, origin of an illness, Hp.Epid.2.1.11, Sor.1.29; εἰδέ τις οἴεται μικρὰν ἀ. εἶναι σιτηρέσιον τοῖς στρατευομένοις ὑπάρχειν a small inducement, D.4.29;τὸ γὰρ εὖ πράττειν παρὰ τὴν ἀξίαν ἀ. τοῦ κακὼς φρονεῖν Id.1.23
; instigation, incitement, POxy.237 vii 21 (ii A. D.).3 means with which one begins a thing, resources,ἀ. τοῦ βίου Lys.24.24
;εἰς τὸν βίον X.Mem.3.12.4
;τίνας εἶχεν ἀφορμὰς ἡ πόλις; D.18.233
;ἀφελεῖν τὴν ἀ. δι' ἣν ὑβρίζει Id.21.98
; πίστις ἀ. μεγίστη πρὸς χρηματισμόν good faith is the best asset for business, Id.36.44, cf. 11.16; ἀ. ἐπί .. Id.3.33; esp. means of war, And.1.109;ἀ. εἰς ξένους χιλίους
means for levying mercenaries, X.HG4.8.33; ἀ. ἔργων means for undertaking.., Id.Mem.2.7.11, cf.3.5.11;πρὸς ἀφορμὴν ἐμπορίας ἢ γεωργίας Arist.Pol. 1320a39
;πάντων ἀ. τῶν καλῶν Philem.110
.4 capital of a banker, etc., Lys.Fr.1.2, X.Mem.2.7.12, Lycurg.26,D.14.30,36.11; ἀφορμῆς δίκη suit for restitution of capital, Arg.D.36.5 Rhet., food for argument, material, subject,ὑποθέσεις καὶ ἀφορμαὶ λόγων Luc.Rh.Pr.18
, cf. Men.Rh.p.334S., Aps.p.264H.II Stoic term for repulsion (opp. ὁρμή), Chrysipp.Stoic.3.42, cf. 40, Simp. in Epict.p.22D. -
17 τείνω
A , ([etym.] ἀπο-) Pl.Grg. 458b, ([etym.] ἐκ-) E.Med. 585: [tense] aor.ἔτεινα Il.4.124
, [dialect] Ep.τεῖνα 3.261
: [tense] pf.τέτᾰκα D.H. 19.12
, etc., ([etym.] ἀπο-) Pl.Grg. 465e:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut. τενοῦμαι ([etym.] παρα-) Th.3.46, ([etym.] προ-) D.14.5: [tense] aor. ἐτεινάμην, [dialect] Ep. τειν-, A.R.2.1043, 4.705, ([etym.] προ-) Hdt. 9.34, ([etym.] δι-) Antipho 5.46, Pl.Ti. 78b:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. τᾰθήσομαι ([etym.] παρα-) Id.Ly. 204c: [tense] aor. ἐτάθην [ᾰ] S.Ant. 124 (lyr.), etc., [dialect] Ep.τάθην Il.23.375
: [tense] pf. , etc.: [tense] plpf. [ per.] 3sg. and pl. τέτατο, τέταντο, Od.11.11, Il.4.544; [ per.] 3 dual τετάσθην ib. 536:— stretch by force, pull tight,κυκλοτερὲς μέγα τόξον ἔτεινε Il.4.124
; (anap.); ἐξ ἄντυγος ἡνία τείνας having tied the reins tight to the chariot-rail, Il.5.262; ναὸς πόδα τείνας keeping the sheet taut, S.Ant. 716;κάλων τείνας οὔριον εὐφροσυνᾶν IG14.793
;οἱ ἀπείρως κατ' εὐθὺ τείνοντες Sor.1.73
; τῷ ψιμύθῳ.. παρειήν make it (look) full, AP11.374 (Maced.):—[voice] Med., τείνατο τόξα stretched his bow, A.R.2.1043, cf. Orph.A. 589; of tendons, etc., Gal. 18(2).58, al.:—[voice] Pass., [ἱμὰς] ὑπ' ἀνθερεῶνος.. τέτατο [the strap] was made tight, Il.3.372; ; τέταθ' ἱστία were stretched taut, Od.11.11.2 metaph., stretch or strain, ἶσον τείνειεν πολέμου τέλος strain the issue of war even, Il.20.101:—[voice] Pass., , 15.413, cf. Hes.Th. 638; τέτατο κρατερὴ ὑσμίνη the fight was strained, was intense, Il.17.543; ἵπποισι τάθη δρόμος their pace was strained to the utmost, 23.375; τοῖσι δ' ἀπὸ νύσσης τέτατο δρόμος they set off at full speed from the starting-line, ib. 758, Od.8.121: τ. αὐδάν strain the voice, raise it high, A.Pers. 574 (lyr.):—[voice] Pass. also, exert oneself, be anxious, Pi.I.1.49;ἀμφ' ἀρεταῖς Id.P.11.54
.3 stretch out, spread,ὅτε τε Ζεὺς λαίλαπα τείνῃ Il.16.365
; ἐπὶ νὺξ τέταται βροτοῖσι night is spread over them, Od.11.19;ἀὴρ τέταται μακάρων ἐπὶ ἔργοις Hes.Op. 549
; of light,αἴγλαν ἃ τέταται S.Ph. 831
(lyr.), cf. Pl.R. 616b; of sound,ἀμφὶ νῶτ' ἐτάθη πάταγος S.Ant. 124
(lyr.); δίκτυα τ. X.Cyn. 6.9;ψυχὴν διὰ παντός Pl.Ti. 34b
.b Gramm., lengthen a syllable, A.D.Pron.55.1:—[voice] Pass., ib.27.25, cf. 11.1 fin.4 aim at, direct towards a point, prop. from the bow,ἐπὶ Τροίᾳ τ. τὰ θεῶν ἀμάχητα βέλη S.Ph. 198
(anap.): metaph., ἔς τινα τ. φόνον aim, design death to one, E.Hec. 263 (but τ. φόνον prolong murder, Id.Supp. 672); τ. λόγον :—[voice] Pass.,ἐς σὲ τ. γλῶσσα E.Rh. 875
;ἡ ἅμιλλα τέταται πρὸς τοῦτο Pl.Phdr. 271a
, cf. Lg. 770d, R. 581b.II stretch out in length, lay, ζυγὰ ἐπιπολῆς τ. Hdt.2.96:—[voice] Pass., lie out at length, lie stretched,ἐπὶ γαίῃ κεῖτο ταθείς Il.13.655
; ἐν κονίῃσι τετάσθην, τέταντο, 4.536, 544; ταθεὶς ἐνὶ δεσμῷ hanging stretched in chains, Od.22.200; [φάσγανον] ὑπὸ λαπάρην τέτατο hung along or by his side, Il.22.307; διὰ.. αἰθέρος.. τέταται extends, Emp.135, cf. 100.2;τῶν ἐκ τῆς χώρας λεωφόρων εἰς τὴν πόλιν τεταμένων Pl.Lg. 763c
;φλὲψ.. διὰ τοῦ κοίλου τείνεται Arist.HA 513b3
: τεταμένος sts. becomes a mere Adj., long, αὐχένα.. τεταμένον τῇ φύσει, of birds, Id.PA 692b20; in Gramm., of a long vowel, PBouriant 8 i 1, 14.2 stretch or hold out, present,τινὰ ἐπὶ σφαγάν E.Or. 1494
(lyr.); ἀσπίδα, δόρυ, AP7.147 (Arch.), 720 (Chaerem.); τὴν χεῖρά τινι or ἐπί τι, A.R. 4.107, 1049:—[voice] Med., τείνεσθαι χέρε, γυῖα, δειρήν, one's hands, etc., Theoc.21.48, A.R.1.1009, 4.127, etc.;συὸς τέκος Id.4.705
; ἑανούς ib. 1155.3 extend, lengthen, of Time,τὸν μακρὸν τ. βίον A. Pr. 537
(lyr.), cf. E.Med. 670; ;τόνδ' ἐτεινάτην λόγον A.Ch. 510
;μακροὺς τ. λόγους E.Hec. 1177
; τί μάτην τείνουσι βοήν; (where others interpr. it like τ. αὐδάν, v. supr. 1.2) Id.Med. 201 (anap.);πολλὰ μὲν τάλαινα πολλὰ δ' αὖ σοφὴ.. μακρὰν ἔτεινας A.Ag. 1296
, cf. S.Aj. 1040.B intr., of geographical position, stretch out or extend, παρ' ἣν (sc. λίμνην)τὸ.. ὄρος τείνει Hdt.2.6
; τὸ πρὸς Λιβύης.. ὄρος ἄλλο τείνει ib.8;τ. μέχρι.. Id.4.38
;ἐς.. Id.7.113
;ἐπὶ.. X.Ages.2.17
; of a dress, ὑπὸ σφυροῖσι τ. E.Ba. 936; of a mountain, ὑψόθι τ. A.R.2.354: of Time, ἡμερολεγδὸν τείνοντα χρόνον dragging out time, A.Pers.64 (anap.):—rarely so in [voice] Pass.,ὄρος τεταμένον τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον Hdt.2.8
.II exert oneself, struggle,ἐναντία τισί Pl.R. 492d
; press on, hasten,οἱ δ' ἔτεινον ἐς πύλας E.Supp. 720
;δηλοῖ τοὖργον, οἷ τ. χρεών Id.Or. 1129
;τὸ μὴ τείνειν ἄγαν S.Ant. 711
;τ. ὥς τινα Ar.Th. 1205
;ἔτεινον ἄνω πρὸς τὸ ὄρος X.An.4.3.21
;εὐθὺ Βαβυλῶνος Luc.Nec.6
;τὴν ἐπὶ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ Id.Icar.22
.III extend to, reach,ἐπὶ τὴν ψυχήν Pl.Tht. 186c
; ; of the veins stretching from one point to another, Arist.HA 492a20, 513a2, al., cf. Pl.Ti. 65c, Diog.Apoll.6.2 tend, refer, belong to, τείνει ἐς σέ it refers to, concerns you, Hdt.6.109, cf. 7.135, E.Ph. 435, Hipp. 797, etc.; ποῖ τείνει καὶ εἰς τί; to what does it tend? Pl.Cri. 47c, cf. Tht. 163a, D.10.54;μηδαμόσε ἄλλοσε Pl.R. 499a
; , Prt. 345b; .3 τείνειν πρός τινα or τι, come near to, to be like, Id.Tht. 169b, Cra. 402c;ἐγγύς τι τείνειν τοῦ τεθνάναι Id.Phd. 65a
, cf. R. 548d. (Cf. τανύω, Skt. tanóti 'stretch', Lat. tendo, etc.) -
18 ἔρχομαι
Aἠρχόμην Hp.Epid.7.59
, Arat.102, ([etym.] δι-) Pi.O.9.93 ; freq. in later Prose, LXXGe.48.7, Ev.Marc.1.45, Luc.Jud.Voc.4, Paus.5.8.5, etc.; in [dialect] Att. rare even in compds.,ἐπ-ηρχόμην Th.4.120
(perh. fr. ἐπάρχομαι), προς- ib. 121 (perh. fr. προσάρχομαι), cod.: from ἐλυθ- (cf. ἐλεύθω ) come [tense] fut. ἐλεύσομαι, Hom., [dialect] Ion., Trag. (A. Pr. 854, Supp. 522, S.OC 1206, Tr. 595), in [dialect] Att. Prose only in Lys.22.11, freq. later, D.H.3.15, etc.: [tense] aor., [dialect] Ep. and Lyr.ἤλῠθον Il.1.152
, Pi.P.3.99, etc., used by E. (not A. or S.) in dialogue (Rh.660,El. 598,Tr.374, cf. Neophr.1.1); but ἦλθον is more freq. even in Hom., and is the only form used in obl. moods, ἐλθέ, ἔλθω, ἔλθοιμι, ἐλθεῖν, ἐλθών; [dialect] Ep. inf. ἐλθέμεναι, -έμεν, Il.1.151, 15.146 (indic. never ἐλυθ- unaugmented unlessἐξ-ελύθη Il.5.293
has replaced ἐξ-έλυθε); [dialect] Dor.ἦνθον Epich.180
, Sophr.144, Theoc.2.118; imper.ἐνθέ Aristonous 1.9
; part.ἐνθών IG9(1).867
(Corc., vi B.C.), ([etym.] κατ-) Schwyzer 657.4 (Arc., iv B.C.); subj.ἔνθῃ Berl.Sitzb.1927.164
([place name] Cyrene); [dialect] Lacon. ἔλσῃ, ἔλσοιμι, ἐλσών, Ar.Lys. 105, 118, 1081 ; later , Ev.Matt.25.36, BGU530.11 (i A.D.), IG14.1320, etc.; [ per.] 3pl. , al., PTeb. 179 (ii B.C.), etc.;ἤλυθα IG14.1971
, Nonn.D.37.424, ([etym.] ἐπ-) AP14.44: [tense] pf. ἐλήλῠθα (not in Hom.) A.Pr. 943, etc.; sync. pl. ἐλήλῠμεν, -υτε, Cratin.235, Achae.24,43 ; [dialect] Ep. εἰλήλουθα, whence I pl.εἰλήλουθμεν Il.9.49
, Od.3.81, part.εἰληλουθώς 19.28
, 20.360 ; onceἐληλουθώς Il.15.81
, part.κατ-εληλευθυῖα Berl.Sitzb. 1927.166
([place name] Cyrene); Cret. [tense] pf. inf. ἀμφ-εληλεύθεν, v. ἀμφέρχομαι: [dialect] Boeot. [tense] pf.διεσς-είλθεικε Schwyzer 485.2
(Thesp., iii B.C.), part. κατηνθηκότι ib.657.39 (Arc., iv B.C.): [tense] plpf. ; [dialect] Ion.ἐληλύθεε Hdt.5.98
; [dialect] Ep.εἰληλούθει Il.4.520
,εἰληλούθειν Call.Fr. 532
.—In [dialect] Att. the obl. moods of [tense] pres., as well as the [tense] impf. and [tense] fut. were replaced by forms of εἶμι ibo (q.v.): in LXX and Hellenistic Greek the place of the compounds, esp. ἐξ-, εἰς-έρχομαι, is commonly taken by ἐκ-, εἰς-πορεύομαι, etc., the [tense] fut., [tense] aor., and [tense] pf. being supplied as before by ἐλυθ- ([etym.] ἐλθ-):I start, set out, ἦ μέν μοι μάλα πολλὰ..Λυκάων ἐρχομένῳ ἐπέτελλε when I was setting out, Il.5.198, cf. 150 ; τύχησε γὰρ ἐρχομένη νηῦς a ship was just starting, Od. 14.334 ; ἐς πλόον ἐρχομένοις (v.l. ἀρχ-) Pi.P.1.34.2 walk,=περιπατέω, χαμαὶ ἐρχομένων ἀνθρώπων Il.5.442
; σὲ δ' ἐρχόμενον ἐν δίκᾳ πολὺς ὄλβος ἀμφινέμεται walking in justice, Pi.P.5.14 : the two foreg. rare signfs. belong only to the [tense] pres. ἔρχομαι.II (much more freq.) come or go (the latter esp. in [dialect] Ep. and Lyr.), ἦλθες thou art come, Od.16.461, etc.; χαίροισ' ἔρχεο go and fare thee well, Sapph.Supp.23.7, cf. Il.9.43, Od.10.320, 1.281 ;ἀγγελίην στρατοῦ.. ἐρχομένοιο 2.30
, cf. 10.267 ; πάλιν ἐλθέμεν, αὖτε εἰλήλουθα, 19.533, 549 ; οἶκον ἐλεύσεται ib. 313 ;οἴκαδε 5.220
; : as a hortatory exclamation,ἀλλ' ἔρχευ, λέκτρονδ' ἴομεν Od.23.254
, cf. 17.529.III c. acc. cogn., ὁδὸν ἐλθέμεναι to go a journey, Il.1.151 ;ἄλλην ὁδόν, ἄλλα κέλευθα ἤλθομεν Od.9.262
;τηϋσίην ὁδὸν ἔλθῃς 3.316
: freq. in Trag., A.Pr. 962, Th. 714 (alsoκατὰ τὴν αὐτὴν ὁδόν Pl.Lg. 707d
); νόστιμον ἐλθεῖν πόδα (v.l. δόμον) E.Alc. 1153 ; ἀγγε- λίην, ἐξεσίην ἐλθεῖν, go on an embassy, Il.11.140, Od.21.20.2 c. acc. loci, come to, arrive at, rare in Hom.,Ἀΐδαο δόμους ἔρχεαι Il. 22.483
;ἔρχεσθον κλισίην 1.322
: freq. in later Poets, Pi.P.4.52, S. Tr. 259, etc. ; traverse,ὁ ἥλιος ἔρχεται τῆς Λιβύης τὰ ἄνω Hdt.2.24
: c. acc. pers., αῐ κέν τι νέκυς (acc. pl.)ῂσχυμμένος ἔλθῃ Il.18.180
;σὲ δ', ὦ τέκνον, τόδ' ἐλήλυθεν πᾶν κράτος S.Ph. 141
(lyr.).3 c. gen. loci, ἔρχονται πεδίοιο through or across the plain, Il.2.801 ; but also, from a place, .4 c. dat. pers., come to, i.e. come to aid or relieve one, rare in Hom., Od.16.453 ; freq. later, Pi.O.1.100, Th.1.13. etc. ;ἀποροῦντι αὐτῷ ἔρχεται Προμηθεὺς ἐπισκεψόμενος τὴν νομήν Pl.Prt. 321c
; also in hostile sense,ἔρχομαί σοι Apoc.2.5
.IV c. [tense] fut. part., to denote the object, ἔρχομαι ἔγχος οίσόμενος I go to fetch.., Il.13.256 ;ἔρχομαι ὀψομένη 14.301
: freq. in Trag.,μαρτυρήσων ἦλθον A.Eu. 576
; .2 in Hdt. like an auxiliary Verb, ἔρχομαι ἐρέων, φράσων, I am going to tell, 1.5,3.6, al. ;σημανέων 4.99
;μηκυνέων 2.35
: rare in [dialect] Att., ἔ. κατηγορήσων, ἀποθανούμενος, Pl.Euthphr.2c, Thg. 129a ; ἔρχομαι ἐπιχειρῶν -σοι ἐπιδείξασθαι, for ἔ. σοι ἐπιδειξόμενος, Id.Phd. 100b ;οὐ τοῦτο λέξων ἔρχομαι, ὡς.. X.Ages.2.7
.3 c. part. [tense] pres., [tense] aor., or [tense] pf., in Hom., to show the manner of moving, ἄγγελος ἦλθε θέουσα she came running, Il.11.715, al. ; μὴ πεφοβημένος ἔλθῃς lest thou come thither in full flight,10.510 ; ἦλθε φθάμενος he came first,23.779 ;κεχαρισμένος ἔλθυι Od.2.54
.4 aor, part. ἐλθών added to Verbs, οὐ δύναμαι..μάχεσθαι ἐλθών go and fight, Il.16.521 ; κάθηρον ἐλθών come and cleanse, ib. 668 ;λέγοιμ' ἂν ἐλθών A.Supp. 928
;δρᾶ νυν τάδ' ἐλθών S.Ant. 1107
.V of any kind of motion, ἐξ ἁλὸς ἐλθεῖν to rise out of the sea, Od.4.448, al. ; ἐπὶ πόντον to go over it, 2.265 ; with qualifying phrase, πόδεσσιν ἔ. to go on foot, 6.40 (but πεζὸς εἰλήλουθα have come as a foot-soldier, Il. 5.204) ; of birds, 17.755, etc. ; of ships, 15.549, Od.14.334 ; of spears or javelins, freq. in Il. ; of natural phenomena, as rivers, 5.91 ; wind and storm, 9.6, Od.12.288 ; clouds, Il.4.276,16.364 ; stars, rise, Od. 13.94 ; time,είς ὅ κεν ἔλθῃ νύξ Il.14.77
, cf. 24.351 ;ἐπὴν ἔλθῃσι θέρος Od.11.192
;ἔτος ἦλθε 1.16
; of events and conditions, , cf. 11.135 ; of feelings, go, ;ἀπὸ πραπίδων ἦλθ' ἵμερος 24.514
; of sounds, etc.,τὸν..περὶ φρένας ἤλυθ' ίωή 10.139
;Κύκλωπα περὶ φρένας ἤλυθεν οἶνος Od.9.362
; without φρένας, περὶ δέ σφεας ἤλυθ' ι>ωή 17.261, cf. 16.6 ; of battle,ὁμόσ' ἦλθε μάχη Il.13.337
; of things sent or taken, , cf. 1.120 ; so later, esp. of danger or evil, c. dat., ;ἦλθεν αὐτῷ Ζηνὸς βέλος A.Pr. 360
;μηδ' ὑπ' ἀνάγκας γάμος ἔλθοι Id.Supp. 1032
(lyr.), cf.Pers. 436 ; of reports, commands, etc., Id.Pr. 663, Th.8.19 ; τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις ὡς ἦλθε τὰ γεγενημένα came to their ears, ib.96 ; τὰ ἐρχόμενα ἐπ' αὐτόν that which was about to happen to him, Ev.Jo.18.4 ; of property, which comes or passes to a person by bequest, conveyance, gift, etc., (ii A. D.) ; ἐ. εἴς τινα ἀπὸ παραχωρήσεως, κατὰ δωρεάν, PLond.3.1164e6 (iii A. D.), PMasp.96.22 (vi A. D.) : —Geom., pass, fall, ἔ. ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ σαμεῖον pass through the same point, Archim.Aequil.1.15 ; ὅπου ἂν ἔρχηται τὸ ἕτερον σαμεῖον wherever the other point falls, ib.2.10.BPost-Homeric phrases:1 ἐς λόγους ἔρχεσθαί τινι come to speech with, Hdt.6.86.α', S.OC 1164 codd. ; soἐς ὄψιν τινὶ ἐλθεῖν Hdt. 3.42
.2 εἰς χεῖρας ἐλθεῖν τινι (v. χείρ) ; soἐς μάχην ἐλθεῖν τινι Id.7.9
.γ ; είς ὸργάς τισιν Pl.R. 572a
.3 ἐπὶ μεῖζον ἔ. increase, S.Ph. 259 ;ἐπὶ μηδέν Id.Fr.871.8
,El. 1000 ; ἐπὶ πᾶν ἐλθεῖν try everything, X.An.3.1.18.4 ἐς τὸ δεινόν, ἐς τὰ ἀλγεινὰ ἐλθεῖν, come into danger, etc., Th.3.45,2.39 ;είς τοσοῦτον αίσχύνης ἐληλύθατον ὥστε.. Pl.Grg. 487b
, etc. ;εἰς τὸ ἔσχατον ἀδικίας Id.R. 361d
; ἐπ' ἔσχατον ἐλθεῖν ἀηδίας Id Phdr. 240d ; ὅσοι ἐνταῦθα ἦλθον ἡλικίας arrived at that time of life, Id.R. 329b ; ἐς ἀσθενὲς ἔ. come to an impotent conclusion, Hdt.1.120 ; ἐς ἀριθμὸν ἐλθεῖν to be numbered, Th.2.72 ;εἰς ἔρωτά τινος ἐλθεῖν Anaxil.21.6
;εἰς ἔλεγχον Philem.93.3
, etc. ; εἰς ἑαυτὸν ἐλθεῖν come to oneself, Ev.Luc.15.17, Arr.Epict.3.1.15.5 παρὰ μικρὸν ἐλθεῖν c. inf., come within a little of, be near a thing, E. Heracl. 296 (anap.) ;παρ' ὀλίγον ἐλθεῖν Plu.Pyrrh.10
; παρὰ τοσοῦτον ἡ Μυτιλήνη ἦλθε κινδύνου so narrow was her escape, Th.3.49 ;παρ' οὐδὲν ἐλθόντες τοῦ ἀποβαλεῖν Plb.1.45.14
;παρ' οὐδὲν ἐλθ. ἀπολέσθαι Plu. Cam.8
.6 with διά and gen., periphr. for a Verb, e.g. διὰ μάχης τινὶ ἐλθεῖν forμάχεσθαί τινι Hdt.6.9
, E.Hel. 978, Th.4.92 ; διὰ πυρὸς ἐλθεῖν τινι rage furiously against.., E.Andr. 488 (lyr.) ; but οί διὰ πάντων τῶν καλῶν ἐληλυθότες who have gone through the whole circle of duties, have fulfilled them all, X.Cyr.1.2.15 ;διὰ πολλῶν κινδύνων ἐλθόντες Pl.Alc.2.142a
.7 ἔ. παρὰ τὴν γυναῖκα, παρὰ Ἀρίστωνα, of sexual intercourse, go in to her, to him, Hdt.2.115,6.68 ; πρός τινα, of marriage, X.Oec.7.5.8ἔ. ἐπὶ πόλιν
attack,Th.
2.11.9 ἔ. ἐς depend upon or be concerned with,τό γ' εἰς ἀνθρώπους ἐλθόν Aristid. 1.149
J. ;τοῖς λογισμοῖς εἰς ἑαυτοὺς ἐρχόμενοι D.S.13.95
;ὅσα εἰς ἀρετὴν ἔρχεται Lib.Or.22.18
; τῶν πραττομένων οὐκ όλίγον εἰς ἐκεῖνον ἤρχετο ib.14.31.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἔρχομαι
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19 πίνω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to drink'Other forms: Aeol., also Dor. (Call. Cer. 95) πώνω, fut. πίομαι, aor. ἔπιον, πιεῖν (all Hom.; later πεῖν), ipv. πῖθι (com. a.o.), Aeol. πῶθι, pass. ἐπόθην with fut. ποθήσομαι, perf. act. πέπωκα (all Att.), midd. πέπομαι (Od.); besides as causat. πιπίσκω, fut. πίσω, aor. πῖσαι, πισθῆναι, also w. προ-, ἐν-, συν- a.o. `give to drink, water' (Pi., Hp., Nic.).Derivatives: Many derivv. (condensed survey): A. From the zero grade πο-, most with τ-sufflx: 1. ποτόν n. `beverage' (Il.), ποτός `drinkable' (trag., Th.; ἔμποτος Aret.), πότος m. `drinking, beverage' (Att., Theoc.); from this πότ-ιμος `drinkable, fresh, pleasant' (IA; Arbenz 50f.), - ικός `inclined towards drinking etc.' (Alc. com., Plu.), most συμ- πίνω `belonging to the bacchanalia, pot companion' (Att.: συμπό-της, - σιον, s. v.); - ίζω, Dor. - ίσδω, also with προ- a.o., `to make drink, to drench' (IA., Theoc.) with - ισμός, - ισμα, - ιστές, - ιστήριον, - ιστρίς, - ίστρα. 2. ποτή f. `drink, draught' (pap.) gen. a. acc. - ῆτος, - ῆτα (Hom.; metr. enlerged, orig. at verse-end; Schwyzer 529 w. n. 1 a. lit.; not haplolog. from *ποτο-τη-τος, - τη-τα with Fraenkel Gnomon 21, 40 a.o.); πότ-ημα n. `(medical) drink' (medic.; enlarged form, Chantraine Form. 178). 3. πόσις f. (also w. προ-, κατα- a.o. in diff. senses) `drinking, drink, bacchanalia' (Il.) with πόσιμος `drinkable' (pap. IVp, Ps.-Callisth.; cf. πότιμος above); πόμα s.v. 4. ποτήρ m. `drinking cup' (E.), - ήριον n. `id.' (Aeol. IA.); πότης m. `drinker' (only in πότης λύχνος Ar. Nu. 57), f. πότις (com.); both from the usual compp., e.g. συμπό-της (Pi.), οἰνο-πό-της, - τις (Anacr. etc.), disjoined? (Leumann Mus. Helv. 2, 12 = Kl. Schr. 226); superl. ποτίστατος (Ar. a.o.); to this derivv. like συμπόσ-ιον `bacchanalia' (Pi., Alc.), καταπότ-ιον `pill' (medic.; καταπότης `throat' H., Suid.); οἰνοποτ-ά-ζω `to drink wine' (Hom.). 5. καταπό-θρα f. `(region of the) throat' (Paul. Aeg.). -- B. From the full grade: πῶμα n. `draught, drink, beverage' (Att.), ἔκπω-μα n. `drinking ware' (IA.), beside πόμα ( πρό-, κατά-, ἔκ- πίνω) n. `id.' (Pi., Ion. hell.); ἔκπωτις = ἄμπωτις ( Cat. Cod. Astr.); εὔπωνος ὄμβρος εὔποτος H., γακου-πώνης ἡδυπότης H. -- C. From the zero grade πῑ-: 1. πίστρα f., πῖστρα n. pl. `drinks' (E. Kyk., Str.), also πισμός, πιστήρ, πιστήριον H.; with analog. - σ- as 2. πιστός `drinkable, fluid' (A.; after χριστός, Leumann Mus. Helv. 14, 79 = Kl. Schr. 264), πιστικός `id.' (Ev. Marc., Ev. Io.); 3. Boeot. πιτεύω `to drench, to water' with ἀ-πίτευτος `unwatered' (Thespiae IIIa), from a noun *πῑτ(ο)-; cf. below. To be rejected Brugmann IF 39, 149 ff. (to πίων, OCS pitati `to feed' etc.); cf. Benveniste BSL 51, 29 f. w. lit.Etymology: The above system developed on the basis of an IE starting point independently inside Greek. From the imperatives πῖ-θι and πῶ-θι we can conclude to two athematic root-aorists *ἔ-πῑ-ν and *ἔ-πω-ν; to the latter provides Skt. á-pā-m (with pā-hí = πῶ-θι) an exact agreement: IE *é-peh₃-m. As zero grade was pī- in the plur. at home: IE *é-piH-me, which in Skt. was replaced by full grade á-pā-ma but in Greek πῖθι left a trace; note further OCS 2. a. 3. sg. aor. pi. Further, in Greek the athemat. forms wer replaced by the themat. ἔ-πι-ον with generalized zero grade. The origin of the form piH- is not well known. The shortvocalic subj. of this root-aorist lives on in fut. πί-ο-μαι (like ἔδ-ο-μαι; s. ἔδω); to the aorist still the nasal prsesents πί-ν-ω and πώ-ν-ω; cf. ἔ-δῡ-ν: δύ̄-ν-ω. To *ἔ-πῑ-ν was formed the factitive ἔ-πῑ-σα `I gave to drink' after ἔ-στη-ν: ἔ-στη-σα, ἔ-φῡν: ἔ-φῡ-σα a.o.; to this the reduplicated pres. πι-πί-σκω (cf. δι-δά-σκω: δα-ῆναι, βι-βά-σκω: ἔ-βη-σα: ἔ-βη-ν). The strongly spread zero grade πο- ( πέποται, ἐπόθην, πόσις usw.) is a Greek innovation after δο- ( δέδοται, ἐδόθην, δόσις). The perf. act. πέ-πω-κα agrees with Skt. pa-páu, but can also have been created newly to *ἔ-πω-ν. The nominal stem πῑτ- in πιτεύω is inherited and is found also in Skt. pī-tá- `drunk(en)', pī-ti ́'drinking, drink'. The 2. member in εὔ-πωνος and γακου-πώνης agrees with Skt. pā́-na-m n. `drink'. In ablaut deviating are πο-τήρ `drinking cup' (only E.; οἰνο-ποτῆρας acc. pl. θ 456 metr. for - πότας) and Skt. pā-tár- 'drinker', comparable πό-σις and pī-tí- (s. ab.); rather parallel innovations than old inherited material. -- Among the remaining many representatives of this family we mention only the reduplicated zero grade themat. pres. Sk. pí-b-ati, Lat. bi-b-ō, OIr. 2. pl. ipv. i-b-id (phonetically in detail uncertain) and the Lat. nouns pō-tus, pō-culum. (The Skt. caus. pāy-áyati goes back on *po-i-ei̯-, not a full grade *pōi̯-) -- On the histoy of the Greek forms s. Leumann Mus. Helv. 14, 75ff. (= Kl. Schr. 260ff.); further material of the other languages with rich lit. in WP. 2, 71 f., Pok. 839 f., W.-Hofmann s. bibō, Mayrhofer s. píbati and pā́ti 2. -- On ἄμπωτις and πῖνον s. v.Page in Frisk: 2,540-542Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πίνω
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20 Ἰσραήλ
Ἰσραήλ, ὁ indecl. (יִשְׂרָאֵל. For the sp. Ἰστραήλ s. B-D-F 39, 5; on the mng. Just., D. 125, 1ff; Mel., P. 82, 603 w. note p. 185 Perler) (LXX, pseudepigr., Philo, Just., Mel.; PGM 4, 3034; 3055 al.—Jos., Ant. 1, 333 Ἰσράηλος).① the patriarch Jacob, Israel; οἱ ἐξ Ἰ. the descendants of Israel Ro 9:6a. Also ἐκ γένους Ἰ. Phil 3:5 (cp. 1 Esdr 1:30; Jdth 6:2); οἶκος Ἰ. the house of Israel=all the descendants of the patr. (cp. Jdth 14:5; 3 Macc 2:10) Mt 10:6; 15:24; Ac 2:36; 7:42 (Am 5:25); Hb 8:10 (Jer 38:33); 1 Cl 8:3 (quot. of unknown orig.; AcPlCor 2:10). Also υἱοὶ Ἰ. (Mi 5:2; Sir 46:10; 47:2 and oft.) Mt 27:9; Lk 1:16; Ac 5:21; 7:23, 37; 9:15; 10:36; Ro 9:27b; 2 Cor 3:7, 13; Hb 11:22; Rv 2:14; 7:4; 21:12; AcPlCor 2:32 (also in sense of 2). On the other hand, ὁ οἶκος Ἰ. Hb 8:8 in contrast to οἶκος Ἰούδα (after Jer 38:31) means the people of the Northern Kingdom. Some of the pass. mentioned here may belong under② the people/nation of Israel, Israel (Just., A I, 53, 4 τὸ δὲ Ἰουδαικὸν καὶ Σαμαρειτικὸν φῦλον Ἰ. κέκληνται ‘the Judean and Samaritan peoples are called Israel’) τὸν λαόν μου τὸν Ἰ. Mt 2:6; ἄκουε Ἰ. Mk 12:29 (Dt 6:4).—Lk 1:54; Ro 9:27a, 31; 10:19; 11:7, 25f; 1 Cl 29:2 (Dt 32:9); 43:5; ἐν τῷ Ἰ. Mt 8:10; 9:33; Lk 2:34; 4:25, 27; 7:9; 1 Cl 43:6; B 4:14; κατὰ τοῦ Ἰ. Ro 11:2; πρὸς τὸν Ἰ. Lk 1:80; Ro 10:21; B 5:2; τὶς τοῦ Ἰ. PtK 3; βασιλεὺς τοῦ Ἰ. Mt 27:42; Mk 15:32; J 1:49; 12:13; GPt 3:7; 4:11; 1 Cl 4:13; βασιλείαν τοῦ Ἰ. Ac 1:6; διδάσκαλος τοῦ Ἰ. J 3:10; πολιτεία τοῦ Ἰ. Eph 2:12; πόλεις τοῦ Ἰ. Mt 10:23. ὁ θεὸς (τοῦ) Ἰ. 15:31; Lk 1:68 (TestSol); ὁ θεὸς τοῦ λαοῦ τούτου Ἰ. Ac 13:17; γῆ Ἰ. Mt 2:20f; ὁ λαὸς Ἰ. Lk 2:32; Ac 4:10; 13:24. The pl. λαοὶ Ἰ. vs. 27 because of the quot. Ps 2:1 in vs. 25. πρεσβύτεροι τοῦ Ἰ. Ac 4:8 v.l. αἱ φυλαὶ τοῦ Ἰ. the tribes of Israel (CIG IV 9270 [Iconium; prob. Judean] ὁ θεὸς τ. φυλῶν τοῦ Ἰσραήλ) Mt 19:28; Lk 22:30; cp. Rv 7:4; 21:12. τὸ δωδεκάφυλον τοῦ Ἰ. the twelve tribes of Israel 1 Cl 55:6. τὸ δωδεκάσκηπτρον τοῦ Ἰ. 31:4; ἡ ἐλπὶς τοῦ Ἰ. Ac 28:20; παράκλησιν τοῦ Ἰ. Lk 2:25; λύτρωσιν Ἰ. vs. 28 v.l.; cp. λυτροῦσθαι τὸν Ἰ. 24:21; ἐρύσατο τὸν Ἰ. AcPl Ha 8, 10. ἵνα φανερωθῇ τῷ Ἰ. J 1:31. δοῦναι μετάοιαν τῷ Ἰ. Ac 5:31. ἤγαγεν τῷ Ἰ. σωτῆρα Ἰησοῦν 13:23.—Ἰ. is the main self-designation of God’s ancient people; fr. this as a starting-point it is also used of③ Christians as entitled to the term Israel, Israel (e.g. Just., D. 123, 7 Trypho asks ὑμεῖς Ἰ. ἐστε; 135, 3 Justin’s answer καὶ ἡμεῖς ἐκ τῆς κοιλίας τοῦ Χριστοῦ λατομηθέντες Ἰσραηλιτικὸν τὸ ἀληθινόν ἐσμεν γένος; cp. Plut., Mor. 352c Ἰσιακός ἐστιν ὡς ἀληθῶς of a genuine worshiper of Isis) in contrast to ὁ Ἰ. κατὰ σάρκα Israel in the physical sense 1 Cor 10:18. ὁ Ἰ. τοῦ θεοῦ the (true) divine Israel Gal 6:16. οὐ γὰρ πάντες οἱ ἐξ Ἰ. οὗτοι Ἰ. not all who are descended fr. Israel (=Jacob), or who belong to the Israelite nation, are really Israelites Ro 9:6.—FMaier, I. in d. Heilsgesch. nach Rö 9–11, 1929.—JJocz, A Theology of Election: Israel and the Church ’58; JMunck, Paul and the Salvation of Mankind (tr. GClarke) ’59; WTrilling, Das Wahre Israel (Mt)3 ’64; JvanGoudoever, NovT 8, ’66, 111–23 (Lk); GStrecker, D. Weg d. Gerechtigkeit, ’66, esp. 99–118.—EDNT. TW.
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